Abstract
A rapid procedure for the determination of phenol and cresol isomers in drinking, sea, and polluted domestic wastewater is developed based on a single-stage extraction of analytes by extractive freezing-out under sample centrifugation conditions. In combination with gas chromatography, the procedure provides the minimum detection limits for each of phenols in 10 mL of water at a level of 0.0005 µg/mL. The duration of sample preparation does not exceed 30 min; the consumption of the ethoxyethane extractant is 1.4 mL. In comparison with liquid–liquid and solid-phase extraction traditionally used at the stage of sample preparation, the proposed procedure is simpler and more environmentally friendly. The stages of filtering samples and dehydrating extracts are excluded; the amount of chemical glassware is minimized.
Similar content being viewed by others
REFERENCES
GN 2.1.5.1315-03: Maximum Permissible Concentrations (MPC) of Chemical Substances in the Water of Water Bodies for Domestic Drinking and Cultural and Community Water Use: Hygienic Standards, Moscow, 2003.
Dmitrienko, S.G., Apyari, V.V., Gorbunova, M.V., Tolmacheva, V.V., and Zolotov, Yu.A., J. Anal. Chem., 2020, vol. 75, no. 11, p. 1371.
100 let khromatografii (100 Years of Chromatography), Rudenko, B.A., Ed., Moscow: Nauka, 2003.
Bekhterev, V.N., RF Patent 2564999, 2015.
Bekhterev, V.N., EPO Patent 3357873, Eur. Patent Bull., 2019, no. 45, p. 940.
Bekhterev, V.N., J. Anal. Chem., 2021, vol. 76, no. 9, p. 1106.
Koning, S., Janssen, H.-G., and Brinkman, U.A.Th., Chromatographia, 2009, vol. 69, no. 1, p. 33.
Raynie, D.E., Anal. Chem., 2010, vol. 82, no. 12, p. 4911.
Ballesteros-Gomez, A. and Rubio, S., Anal. Chem., 2011, vol. 83, no. 12, p. 4579.
Tsysin, G.I., J. Anal. Chem., 2011, vol. 66, no. 11, p. 1020.
Fedotov, P.S., Malofeeva, G.I., Savonina, E.Yu., and Spivakov, B.Ya., J. Anal. Chem., 2019, vol. 74, no. 3, p. 205.
PND F 14.1:2:3:4.244-2007 (FR.1.31.2007.03818): Method for Measuring the Weight Concentration of Volatile Phenols in Drinking, Surface Underground Fresh and Waste Waters by Gas Chromatography, Moscow, 2011.
PND F 14.1:2:4.177-02 (FR.1.31.2007.03818): Method for Measuring the Weight Concentration of Phenol in Drinking, Natural, and Waste Waters by Gas–Liquid Chromatography, Moscow, 2011.
Kirichenko, V.E., Pervova, M.G., Pashkevich, K.I., and Nazarov, A.S., Anal. Kontrol’, 2001, vol. 5, no. 1, p. 70.
RD 52.18.750-2010: Weight Concentration of Phenols in Waters. Measurement Technique by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography Using Solid-Phase Extraction, Obninsk: Rosgidromet, 2011.
Zaitsev, V.N. and Zui, M.F., J. Anal. Chem., 2014, vol. 69, no. 8, p. 715.
Bekhterev, V.N., Russ. J. Phys. Chem., 2016, vol. 90, no. 10, p. 2055.
Bekhterev, V.N., Mendeleev Commun., 2007, vol. 17, no. 4, p. 241.
Bekhterev, V.N., J. Anal. Chem., 2008, vol. 63, no. 10, p. 950.
Schneider, G.M., Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys., 2002, vol. 4, p. 845.
Rowley, H.H. and Reed, W.R., J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1951, vol. 73, no. 6, p. 2960.
Dearden, J.C. and Forbs, W.F., Can. J. Chem., 1959, vol. 37, p. 1294.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
The author declares that he has no conflicts of interest.
Additional information
Translated by V. Kudrinskaya
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Bekhterev, V.N. Rapid Gas-Chromatographic Determination of Phenol and Cresols in Water by Extractive Freezing-Out. J Anal Chem 78, 776–782 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1134/S1061934823040056
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1134/S1061934823040056