Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Measuring Ferromagnetic Phase Content Based on Magnetic Properties in Two-Phase Chromium–Nickel Steels

  • ELECTROMAGNETIC METHODS
  • Published:
Russian Journal of Nondestructive Testing Aims and scope Submit manuscript

    We’re sorry, something doesn't seem to be working properly.

    Please try refreshing the page. If that doesn't work, please contact support so we can address the problem.

Abstract

The magnetic properties of samples prepared from two-phase austenitic–ferritic and austenitic–martensitic chromium–nickel steels of various grades are investigated. The aim of the research was to establish a correlation between the magnetic parameters of the studied steels in fields of 250–600 A/cm and the percentage of the ferromagnetic phases of ferrite and deformation martensite. To this end, we determined the parameters of the magnetic hysteresis loops of the samples (coercive force, maximum magnetization, remanent magnetization) and the parameters of the field dependences of differential magnetic susceptibility (maximum differential magnetic susceptibility, area under dependences). It is shown that based on the value of maximum differential magnetic susceptibility, one can unambiguously determine the content of ferrite or deformation martensite in the studied steels, regardless of the magnetizing field amplitude.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1.
Fig. 2.
Fig. 3.
Fig. 4.
Fig. 5.
Fig. 6.
Fig. 7.
Fig. 8.
Fig. 9.
Fig. 10.
Fig. 11.
Fig. 12.
Fig. 13.
Fig. 14.
Fig. 15.
Fig. 16.
Fig. 17.
Fig. 18.
Fig. 19.
Fig. 20.

Similar content being viewed by others

REFERENCES

  1. Merinov, P.E., Kareeva, M.A., and Grigor’iev, B.P., Method of magnetic saturation for certification of calibration blocks of the content of ferritic phase in steels of austenitic–ferritic class, Tr. TsNIITMASH, 1989, no. 215, pp. 72–76.

  2. GOST (State Standard) 26364–90. Ferritometers for austenitic grade steels. General specifications, Moscow: Izd. Standartov, 1991.

  3. GOST (State Standard) 8.518–84. State system of measurement uniformity. Ferritometers for austenitic grade steels. Verification technique, Moscow: Izd. Standartov, 1985.

  4. GOST (State Standard) 22838–77. Heat resistant alloys. Methods of control and evaluation of macrostructure, Moscow: Izd. Standartov, 1979.

  5. GOST (State Standard) 11878–66. Austenitic steel. Methods for measuring the content of ferrite phase in bars, Moscow: Standartinform, 2011.

  6. ANSI/AWS A4.2M:2006 (ISO 8249:2000 MOD). An American National Standart. Standard procedures for calibrating magnetic instruments to measure the delta ferrite content of austenitic and duplex ferritic–austenitic stainless steel weld metal, Am. Weld. Soc., 2006.

  7. Rigmant, M.B., Nichipuruk, A.P., Khudyakov, B.A., Ponomarev, V.S., Tereshchenko, N.A., and Korkh, M.K., Instruments for Magnetic Phase Analysis of Articles Made of Austenitic Corrosion-Resistant Steels, Russ. J. Nondestr. Test., 2005, vol. 41, no. 11, pp. 701–709.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. Merinov, P., Entin, S., Beketov, B., and Runov, A., The magnetic testing of the ferrite content of austenitic stainless steel weld metal, NDT Int., 1978, vol. 11, no. 1, pp. 9–14.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. Merinov, P.E. and Mazepa, A.G., Determination of deformation martensite in austenitic steels by the magnetic method, Zavod. Lab., 1997, no. 3, pp. 47–49.

  10. Merinov, P.E., Entin, S.D., Beketov, B.I., and Runov, A.E., Method for the quantitative determination of ferrite content in welds of chromium–nickel steels, Svar. Proizvod., 1977, no. 3, pp. 9–13.

  11. Mezhdunarodnaya inzhenernaya entsiklopediya. Nerazrushayushchiye metody kontrolya. Spetsifikator razlichiy v natsional’nykh standartakh razlichnykh stran (International Engineering Encyclopedia. Nondestructive Testing Methods. The Qualifier of Differences in National Standards of Various Countries), Kershenbaum, V.Ya., Ed., Moscow: Nauka Tekh., 1995, vol. 3, pp. 68–128.

    Google Scholar 

  12. Rigmant, M.B., Nichipuruk, A.P., and Korkh, M.K., The possibility of separate measurements of the amounts of ferrite and deformation martensite in three-phase austenitic-class steels using the magnetic method, Russ. J. Nondestr. Test., 2012, vol. 48, no. 9, pp. 511–521.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. Korkh, M.K., Rigmant, M.B., Davydov, D.I., Shishkin, D.A., Nichipuruk, A.P., and Korkh, Y.V., Determination of the phase composition of three-phase chromium–nickel steels from their magnetic properties, Russ. J. Nondestr. Test., 2015, vol. 51, no. 12, pp. 727–737.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. Gorkunov, E.S., Emelyanov, I.G., Zadvorkin, S.M., and Mitropolskaya, S.Yu., A model of the stressstate state of a two-layer steel product under uniaxial tension, Metally, 2007, no. 1, pp. 78–82.

  15. Gorkunov, E.S., Zadvorkin, S.M., Putilova, E.A., Povolotskaya, A.M., Goruleva, L.S., Veretennikova, I.A., and Kamantsev, I.S., The application of magnetic structural phase analysis for the diagnostics of the state of a 08X18H10T Steel–C 3 steel composite material and its components that were subjected to plastic deformation, Russ. J. Nondestr. Test., 2012, vol. 48, no. 6, pp. 346–356.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. Gorkunov, E.S., Zadvorkin, S.M., and Putilova, E.A., Magnetic estimation of stresses applied to a two-layer steel C(T)3-steel 08X18H10T composite material during elastoplastic deformation by uniaxial tension, Russ. J. Nondestr. Test., 2012, vol. 48, no. 8, pp. 495–504.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. Makarov, A.V., Kogan, L.K., Gorkunov, E.S., Skorynina, P.A., Osintseva, A.L., and Yurovskikh, A.S., Eddy-current control of the phase composition and hardness of metastable austenitic steel after different regimes of nanostructuring frictional treatment, Russ. J. Nondestr. Test., 2016, vol. 52, no. 11, pp. 627–637.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Funding

This work was carried out within the framework of the state order from the RF Ministry of Education and Science on topic “Diagnostics”, project no. АААА-А18-118020690196-3.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Mikheev Institute of Metal Physics, Ural Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 620108, Yekaterinburg, Russia

    M. K. Korkh, M. B. Rigmant, E. Yu. Sazhina & A. V. Kochnev

Authors
  1. M. K. Korkh
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. M. B. Rigmant
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. E. Yu. Sazhina
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. A. V. Kochnev
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding authors

Correspondence to M. K. Korkh or M. B. Rigmant.

Additional information

Translated by V. Potapchouck

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Korkh, M.K., Rigmant, M.B., Sazhina, E.Y. et al. Measuring Ferromagnetic Phase Content Based on Magnetic Properties in Two-Phase Chromium–Nickel Steels. Russ J Nondestruct Test 55, 837–850 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1134/S1061830919110056

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Revised:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1134/S1061830919110056

Keywords:

Search

Navigation