Abstract
The structure and magnetic properties of austenitic–ferritic steel specimens were investigated. Specimens were preliminarily held in liquid nitrogen and then subjected to cold plastic deformation. The practical applicability of various methods for detecting and visualizing the deformationmartensite phase was investigated. Several methods, including optical, electron, atomicand magnetic-force microscopy, the X-ray diffraction analysis, magnetic methods, and the method of automatic analysis of electron backscattering diffraction (EBSD) patterns, which are widely used in modern structural analysis, were used.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Rigmant, M.B., Gorkunov, E.S., Ponomarev, V.S., and Chernova, G.S., An FM-3 IFM ferrite-phase content meter, Defektoskopiya, 1996, no. 5, pp. 78–83.
Rigmant, M.B., Gladkovskii, S.V., Gorkunov, E.S., Matafonov, P.P., and Smirnov, S.V., On the possibility of magnetic nondestructive testing of elastoplastic deformations in steels with metastable austenite, Kontr. Diagnost., 2000, no. 9, pp. 62–63.
Rigmant, M.B., Nichipuruk, A.P., Khudyakov, B.A., et al., Instruments for magnetic phase analysis of articles made of austenitic corrosion-resistant steels, Russ. J. Nondestr. Test., 2005, vol. 41, no. 11, pp. 701–709.
Rigmant, M.B., Nichipuruk, A.P., and Korkh, M.K., The possibility of separate measurements of the amounts of ferrite and deformation martensite in three-phase austenitic-class steels using the magnetic method, Russ. J. Nondestr. Test., 2012, vol. 48, no. 9, pp. 511–221.
Merinov, P.E., Specifier of differences in national standards of different countries, in: Sbornik “Nerazrushayushchie metody kontrolya” (Collection of Papers “Nondestructive Testing Methods”), Kershenbaum, Ed., Moscow: Tsentr “Nauka i tekhnika”, 1995, vol. 3, pp. 68–128.
Fachr, D., Stressand strain-induced formation of martensite and effects on strength and ductility of metastable austenitic stainless steels, Met. Trans., 1971, vol. 2, pp. 1883–1892.
Merinov, P.E. and Mazepa, A.G., Detection of deformation martensite in austenite-class steels by the magnetic method, Zavod. Labor., 1997, no. 3, pp. 47–49.
Shlyamnev, A.P., Svistunova, T.V., Lapshina, O.B., et al., Korrozionnostoikie, zharostoikie i vysokoprochnye stali i splavy. Spravochnik. Tsentr. nauch.-issled. inst. chernoi metallurgii im. I.P. Bardina, Nekommerch. partnerstvo “Spetsmetally” (Corrosion-resistant, heat-resistant, and high-strength steels and alloys. A Handbook. Bardin Central Research Inst. of Ferrous Metallurgy. Spetsmetally Noncommercial Partnership), Moscow: Intermet Inzhiniring, 2000.
Sokol, I.Ya., Ul’yanin, E.A., Fel’dgandler, E.G., et al., Struktura i korroziya metallov i splavov. Atlas-spravochnik (Structure and Corrosion of Metals and Alloys. Atlas–Handbook), Ul’yanin, E.A., Ed., Moscow: Metallurgiya, 1989.
Solntsev, Yu.P., Metally i splavy. Spravochnik (Metals and Alloys. Handbook), NPO Professional, NPO “Mir i Sem’ya, St. Petersburg, 2003.
Kolbasnikov, N.G., Teoriya obrabotki metallov davleniem (Theory of the Metal Deformation Process), St. Petersburg GPU, 2004.
Bernshtein, M.L., Struktura deformirovannykh metallov (Structure of Deformed Metals), Moscow: Metallurgiya, 1977.
Filippov, M.A., Litvinov, V.S., and Nemirovskii, Yu.R., Stali s metastabil’nym austenitom (Steels with Metastable Austenite), Moscow: Metallurgiya, 1988.
Apaev, B.A., Fazovyi magnitnyi analiz (Phase Magnetic Analysis), Moscow: Metallurgiya, 1976.
Mal’tseva, L.A., The structure and strength properties of corrosion-resistant austenitic–ferritic steel for medical purposes after a thermoplastic deformation, Deform. Razrush. Material., 2010, no. 1, pp. 1–8.
Gorkunov, E.S., Zadvorkin, S.M., Smirnov, S.V., et al., Relationships between the parameters of the stressed–strained state and magnetic characteristics of carbon steels, Fiz. Met. Metalloved., 2007, vol. 103, no. 3, pp. 322–327.
Gorkunov, E.S., Zadvorkin, S.M., Mitropol’skaya, S.Yu., et al., Changes in the magnetic properties of metastable austenitic steel under elastoplastic straining, MiTOM, 2009, no. 9, pp. 15–21.
Danilenko, V.N., Mironov, S.Yu., Belyakov, A.N., and Zhilyaev, A.P., Application of the EBSD analysis in the physical material science, Zavod. Labor. Diagnost. Material., 2012, vol. 78, no. 3, pp. 28–46.
Ispol’zovanie vibratsionnogo magnitometra firmy LakeShore s nizko-, vysokotemperaturnoi i transportnoi pristavkami dlya izmerenii magnitnykh svoistv slabykh i sil’nykh magnetikov razlichnykh razmerov. Metod. posobie (The Use of a LakeShore Vibrating-Coil Magnetometer with Low-, High-Temperature, and Transport Attachments for Measuring the Magnetic Properties of Weak and Strong Magnets of Various Dimensions. Methodological Manual), Kaliningrad: BFU im. I. Kanta, 2011.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
Original Russian Text © M.B. Rigmant, M.K. Korkh, D.I. Davydov, D.A. Shishkin, Yu.V. Korkh, A.P. Nichipuruk, N.V. Kazantseva, 2015, published in Defektoskopiya, 2015, Vol. 51, No. 11, pp. 28–42.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Rigmant, M.B., Korkh, M.K., Davydov, D.I. et al. Methods for revealing deformation martensite in austenitic–ferritic steels. Russ J Nondestruct Test 51, 680–691 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1134/S1061830915110030
Received:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1134/S1061830915110030