Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Regularities of the change in the coercive force under biaxial asymmetric deformation of steel 3

  • Magnetic and Electromagnetic Methods
  • Published:
Russian Journal of Nondestructive Testing Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

The change in the coercive force under biaxial asymmetric (tension and compression in mutually perpendicular directions) cyclic deformation of cross-shaped steel 3 specimens in the elastic region of deformations was studied. Specimens were deformed beforehand under biaxial asymmetric loading to various degrees of plastic deformation. It was demonstrated that the elastic-deformation dependences of the coercive force measured along the tension and compression directions are qualitatively similar to those under uniaxial tension or compression. It was also shown that, under cyclic elastic loading, these dependences are reversible for well-annealed steel and have a hysteresis that expands with increasing degree of plastic deformation for plastically deformed steel. The possible causes of the hysteresis in the dependence of the coercive force on the elastic cyclic deformations under biaxial loading are discussed. It was supposed that the hysteresis of the coercive force was caused by the appearance of free (not bound in carbide phases) carbon atoms playing the role of interstitial impurity atoms for the α-iron lattice in plastically deformed carbon steels. The possibility of estimating the stressed-strained state of steel under biaxial loading using a magnetic method was discussed.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Zakharov, V.A., Borovkova, M.A., Komarov, V.A., and Muzhitskii, V.F., Effect of External Stresses on the Coercive Force of Carbon Steels, Defektoskopiya, 1992, no. 1, pp. 41–46.

  2. Kuleev, V.G. and Gorkunov, E.S., Mechanisms of the Influence of Internal and External Stresses on the Coercive Force of Ferromagnetic Steels, Defektoskopiya, 1997, no. 11, pp. 3–18.

  3. Gorkunov, E.S., Zadvorkin, S.M., Smirnov, S.V., et al., Relationship between the Parameters of the Stressed-Strained State and the Magnetic Characteristics of Carbon Steels, Fiz. Met. Metalloved., 2007, vol. 103, no. 3, pp. 322–327.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. Novikov, V.F., Yatsenko, T.A., and Bakharev, M.S., Coercive Force of Low-Carbon Steels as a Function of Uniaxial Stress. Part I, Defektoskopiya, 2001, no. 11, pp. 51–57 [Rus. J. Nondestr. Test., (Engl. Transl.), 2001, vol. 37, no. 11, pp. 799–804].

  5. Kuleev, V.G. and Tsar’kova, T.P., Features in the Dependence of the Coercive Force of Steels on the Tensile Stresses after Plastic Deformations and Thermal Processing, Fiz. Met. Metalloved., 2007, vol. 104, no. 5, pp. 479–481.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. Kuleev, V.G., Tsar’kova, T.P., Nichipuruk, A.P., et al., Study of the Causes of Substantial Distinctions in the Values of Coercive Force, Residual Magnetization, and Initial Magnetic Permeability of Ferromagnetic Steels in the Loaded and Unloaded States under Plastic Tension, Fiz. Met. Metalloved., 2007, vol. 103, no. 2, pp. 136–146.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. Gorkunov, E.S., Zakharov, V.A., Muzhitskii, V.F., et al., Effect of Elastic and Plastic Deformations on the Coercive Force of Porous Ferromagnetic Materials, Defektoskopiya, 2005, no. 10, pp. 5–12 [Rus. J. Nondestr. Test., (Engl. Transl.), 2005, vol. 41, no. 10, pp. 627–631].

  8. Thompson, S.M. and Tanner, B.K., The Magnetic Properties of Specially Prepared Pearlitic Steels of Various Carbon Content as a Function of Plastic Deformation, J. Mag. Magn. Mater., 1994, vol. 132, nos. 1–3, pp. 71–78.

    Article  CAS  ADS  Google Scholar 

  9. Abuku, S., Magnetic Studies of Residual Stress in Iron and Steel Induced by Uniaxial Deformation, Jap. J. Appl. Phys., 1977, vol. 16, no. 17, pp. 1161–1170.

    Article  CAS  ADS  Google Scholar 

  10. Gorkunov, E.S., Zadvorkin, S.M., Mitropol’skaya, S.Yu., Subachev, Yu.V., et al., Effect of Elastoplastic Deformation on Magnetic Characteristics of a Powder Structural Steel Having Different Residual Porosities, Defektoskopiya, 2007, no. 12, pp. 53–65 [Rus. J. Nondestr. Test., (Engl. Transl.), 2007, vol. 43, no. 12, pp. 817–826].

  11. Shneider, C.S., Magnetoelasticity for Large Stresses, IEEE Trans. Magn., 1992, vol. 28, no. 5, pp. 2626–2631.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  12. Langman, R.A., Effect of Stress on the Magnetization of Mild Steel at Moderate Field Strengths, IEEE Trans. Magn., 1985, vol. MAG-21, no. 4, pp. 1314–1320.

    Article  CAS  ADS  Google Scholar 

  13. Langman, R.A., Measurement of the Mechanical Stress in Mild Steel by means of Rotation of Magnetic Field Strength. Part II. Biaxial Stress, NDT Int., 1982, vol. 15, no. 2, pp. 91–97.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  14. Langman, R.A., Measurement of Stress by Magnetic Method, Proc. of 4th European Conference on Non-Destructive Testing, London, 1987, pp. 1783–1798.

  15. Langman, R.A., Magnetic Properties of Mild Steel under Conditions of Biaxial Stress, IEEE Trans. Magn., 1990, vol. 26, no. 4, pp. 1246–1251.

    Article  CAS  MathSciNet  ADS  Google Scholar 

  16. Sablik, M.J., Rubin, S.W., Riley, L.A., Jiles, D.C., et al., A Model for Hysteretic Magnetic Properties under the Application of Noncoaxial Stress and Field, J. App. Phys., 1993, vol. 74, no. 1, pp. 480–487.

    Article  CAS  ADS  Google Scholar 

  17. Sablik, M.J., Riley, L.A., Burkhardt, G.L., Kwun, H., et al., Micromagnetic Model for Biaxial Stress Effects on Magnetic Properties, J. Mag. Magn. Mater., 1994, vol. 132, nos. 1–3, pp. 131–148.

    Article  CAS  ADS  Google Scholar 

  18. Sablik, M.J., Rwin, H., and Burkhardt, G.L., Biaxial Stress Effects on Hysteresis and MIVC, J. Mag. Magn. Mater., 1995, vol. 140–144, part 3, pp. 1871–1872.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  19. Bezlyud’ko, G.Ya., Muzhitskii, V.F., Krutikova, L.A., et al., Evaluation of the Current Condition and the Residual Lifetime of Forming Rolls Using the Magnetic Method of Nondestructive Testing Based on the Coercive Force, Defektoskopiya, 2002, no. 4, pp. 3–9 [Rus. J. Nondestr. Test., (Engl. Transl.), 2002, vol. 38, no. 4, pp. 225–230].

  20. Zakharov, V.A., Muzhitskii, V.F., and Ul’yanov, A.I., RF Inventor’s Certificate no. 25346, Byull. Izobret., 2002.

  21. Bernshtein, M.L. and Zaimovskii, V.A., Mekhanicheskie svoistva metallov (Mechanical Properties of Metals), Moscow: Metallurgiya, 1979.

    Google Scholar 

  22. Corner, W.D. and Mason, J.J., The Effect of Stress on the Domain structure of Goss Textured Silicon-Iron, Brit. J. Appl. Phys., 1964, vol. 15, no. 6, pp. 709–718.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  23. Atherton, D.L. and Szpunar, J.A., Effect of Stress on Magnetization and Magnetostriction in Pipeline Steel, IEEE Trans. Magn., 1986, vol. MAG-22, no. 5, pp. 514–516.

    Article  CAS  ADS  Google Scholar 

  24. Novikov, V.F. and Izosimov, V.A., Effect of Elastic Stresses on the Coercive Force, Fiz. Met. Metalloved., 1984, vol. 58, no. 2, pp. 275–281.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. Zakharov, V.A., Ul’yanov, A.I., and Velichko, V.V., Hysteresis of the Coercive Force of Low-Carbon Steel under Elastic Cyclic Deformation by Tension, Fiz. Met. Metalloved., (in press).

  26. Schastlivtsev, V.M., Mirzaev, D.A., Yakovleva, I.L., et al., Perlit v uglerodistykh stalyakh (Pearlite in Carbon Steels), Yekaterinburg: Inst. Fiziki Metallov, Ural. Otd. Ross. Akad. Nauk, 2006.

    Google Scholar 

  27. Lyubchenko, A.P. and Satanovskii, E.A., Decomposition of Cementite Phase in Steels under Hydropressing, Metally, 1988, no. 5, pp. 100–102.

  28. Borovkova, M.A., Voropaev, S.I., Zakharov, V.A., et al., USSR Inventor’s Certificate no. 1 241 119, G01N 27/72, Byull. Izobret., 1986, no. 24.

  29. Zakharov, V.A. and Ul’yanov, A.I., RF Patent 2377531, 2009.

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Physicotechnical Institute, Ural Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, ul. Kirova 132, Izhevsk, 426000, Russia

    V. A. Zakharov & A. I. Ul’yanov

  2. Institute of Engineering Science, Ural Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, ul. Komsomol’skaya 34, Yekaterinburg, 620219, Russia

    E. S. Gorkunov

Authors
  1. V. A. Zakharov
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. A. I. Ul’yanov
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. E. S. Gorkunov
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to V. A. Zakharov.

Additional information

Original Russian Text © V.A. Zakharov, A.I. Ul’yanov, E.S. Gorkunov, 2010, published in Defektoskopiya, 2010, vol. 46, no. 3, pp. 55–69.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Zakharov, V.A., Ul’yanov, A.I. & Gorkunov, E.S. Regularities of the change in the coercive force under biaxial asymmetric deformation of steel 3. Russ J Nondestruct Test 46, 194–205 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1134/S1061830910030071

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1134/S1061830910030071

Key words

Search

Navigation