Abstract
Different mechanisms of local modulation of acoustic characteristics of model flaws (crack, notch) caused by a U-type electromagnet are considered with reference to a nonlinear modulation acoustic technique of crack detection. The results of an experiment on notch modulation performed by means of bending an object’s surface and applying a magnetic field and tangential forces to the surface near the foot of an electromagnet, depending on the electromagnet orientation with respect to the notch plane and amplitude of its excitation, are discussed. The specific features of two-dimensional detection of individual cracks (closed and half-open) in metal plates by linear and nonlinear techniques are discussed.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Rudenko, O.V., Nonlinear Methods in Acoustic Diagnostics, Defektoskopiya, 1993, no. 8, pp. 24–32.
Donskoy, D., Sutin, A., and Ekimov, A., Nonlinear Acoustic Interaction on Contact Interfaces and Its Use for Nondestructive Testing, NDTE Int., 2001, vol. 34, pp. 231–238.
Kazakov, V.V. and Sutin, A.M., Pulsed Sounding of Cracks with the Use of the Modulation of Ultrasound by Vibrations, Akust. Zh., 2001, vol. 47, no. 3, pp. 364–369 [Acoust. Phys. (Engl. Transl.), 2001, vol. 47, no. 3, p. 308].
Matveev, A.L., Nazarov, V.E., Zaitsev, V.Yu., et al., Nonlinear Acoustic Method for Crack Detection in CarWheel Pairs, V Mire Nerazrush. Kontrolya, 2004, no. 4 (26), pp. 65–68.
Gordon, A.V. and Slivinskaya, A.G., Elektromagnity (Electromagnets), Moscow: Gostekhizdat, 1948.
Klokova, N.P., Tenzorezistory: teoriya, metodiki rascheta, razrabotki (Resistance Strain Gages: Theory, Calculation Techniques, and Design), Moscow: Mashinostroenie, 1990.
Stratton, J.A., Electromagnetic Theory, New York: McGraw-Hill, 1941. Translated under the title Teoriya elektromagnetizma, Moscow: Gostekhizdat, 1948.
Zagidulin, R.V., Muzhitskii, V.F., and Kurozaev, V.P., Calculation of the Magnetostatic Field of an Internal Flaw and a Flaw at an Internal Surface in a Ferromagnetic Plate: II. Flaw’s Magnetic Field in Air, Defektoskopiya, 1997, no. 1, pp. 55–62.
Smazhevskaya, E.G. and Fel’dman, N.B., P’ezoelektricheskaya keramika (Piezoelectric Ceramics), Moscow: Sovetskoe Radio, 1971.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Additional information
Original Russian Text © V.V. Kazakov, A.L. Gribkov, 2007, published in Defektoskopiya, 2007, Vol. 43, No. 3, pp. 46–54.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Kazakov, V.V., Gribkov, A.L. A nonlinear modulation technique used to inspect flaws: Electromagnet-caused modulation. Russ J Nondestruct Test 43, 170–175 (2007). https://doi.org/10.1134/S1061830907030060
Received:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1134/S1061830907030060