Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Magnetic quality control of hardened and tempered parts made of carbon and low-alloyed steels (review)

  • Magnetic and Electromagnetic Methods
  • Published:
Russian Journal of Nondestructive Testing Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

The physical essence of the nondestructive quality control of mediate-and high-temperature tempering of parts made of carbon and low-alloyed steels containing more than 0.3% carbon, which is performed on the basis of measurements of the secondary residual magnetic inductance (magnetization) and relaxation coercive force of a body, is considered. Examples of the inspection of the hardness of tempered parts made of a number of steels of different grades are reported.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Bida, G.V. and Nichipuruk, A.P., Coercive Force Measurements in Nondestructive Testing, Defektoskopiya, 2000, vol. 36, no. 1, pp. 3–28 [Rus. J. of Nondestructive Testing (Engl. Transl.), 2006, vol. 36, no. 10, p. 707].

    Google Scholar 

  2. Morozova, V.M. and Mikheev, M.N., Magnetic and Electrical Properties of Steels after Various Thermal Treatments, Tr. Inst. Fiz. Met. Akad. Nauk SSSR (Sverdlovsk), 1965, No. 24, pp. 3–25.

  3. Morozova, V.M. and Mikheev, M.N., Magnetic and Electrical Properties of Quenched and Tempered Carbon Steels, Tr. Inst. Fiz. Met. Akad. Nauk SSSR (Sverdlovsk), 1965, No. 24, pp. 26–35.

  4. Bida, G.V., Nichipuruk, A.P., and Tsar’kova, T.P., Magnetic Properties of Steels after Quenching and Tempering. I. General. Carbon Steels, Defektkoskopiya, 2001, no. 2, pp. 3–25 [Rus. J. of Nondestructive Testing (Engl. Transl.), 2001, vol. 37, no. 2, pp. 79–99].

  5. Bida, G.V., Nichipuruk, A.P., and Tsar’kova, T.P., Magnetic Properties of Steels after Quenching and Tempering, II. Low-Alloyed Steels, Defektkoskopiya, 2001, no. 2, pp. 26–42 [Rus. J. of Nondestructive Testing (Engl. Transl.), 2001, vol. 37, no. 2, pp. 100–115].

  6. Bida, G.V., Nichipuruk, A.P., and Tsar’kova, T.P., Magnetic Properties of Steels after Quenching and Tempering. III. High-Chromium Steels, Defektkoskopiya, 2001, no. 2, pp. 43–56 [Rus. J. of Nondestructive Testing (Engl. Transl.), 2001, vol. 37, no. 2, pp. 116–127].

  7. Bida, G.V. and Nichipuruk, A.P., Magnitnye svoistva termouprochnennykh stalei. Chast’ 1. Atlas svoistv. Chast’ 2. Spravochnik (Magnetic Properties of Thermally Hardened Steels: I. Atlas of Properties; II. Handbook), Yekaterinburg: Ural. Otd. Ross. Akad. Nauk. 2005.

    Google Scholar 

  8. Förster, F. and Stumm, W., Messung physikalischer und technologischer Materialeigenschaft mit Hilfe magnetischen und elektromagnetischen Messmethoden, Industrie-Anzeigen, 1974, vol. 96, no. 31, pp. 658–690.

    Google Scholar 

  9. Förster, F. and Stumm, W., Application of Magnetic and Electromagnetic Nondestructive Test Methods for Measuring and Technological Material Values, Mater. Evaluat., 1975, vol. 33, no. 1, pp. 5–15.

    Google Scholar 

  10. Förster, F., “The First Picture”: A Review on the Initial Steps in the Development of Eight Branchen of Nondestructive Material Testing, Mater. Evaluat., 1983, vol. 41, no. 13, pp. 1477–1488.

    Google Scholar 

  11. Mikheev, M.N., Gorkunov, E.S., and Dunaev, F.N., Nondestructive Magnetic Testing of Quenched and Tempered Articles of Low-Alloyed and Carbon Steels, Defektoskopiya, 1977, no. 6, pp. 7–18.

  12. Bida, G.V., Tsar’kova, T.P., and Mikheev, M.N., Study of the Work of Sensors in a Device for Testing Quality of High-Temperature Tempering of Steel Articles, Defektoskopiya, 1981, no. 7, pp. 5–12.

  13. Tsar’kova, T.P., Bida, G.V., Mikheev, M.N., and Gorkunov, E.S., On the Magnetic Method of Testing Quality of High-Temperature Tempering of the Structure of Simple and Low-Alloyed Steels, Defektoskopiya, 1981, no. 3, pp. 14–17.

  14. Bida, G.V., Magnetic Properties of a Body as Nondestructive Testing Parameters of Tempering Quality of Quenched Steels (A Review), Defektkoskopiya, 2002, no. 6, pp. 19–33 [Rus. J. of Nondestructive Testing (Engl. Transl.), 2002, vol. 38, no. 6, p. 412].

  15. Arkad’ev, V.K., Elektromagnitnye protsessy v metallakh. Chast’l (Electromagnetic Processes in Metals, Part I), Leningrad: ONTI, 1934.

    Google Scholar 

  16. Mikheev, M.N., Bida, G.V., Tsar’kova, T.P., and Kostin, V.N., The Study of the Regimes of Magnetization Reversal during Testing the Quality of Quenched and Tempered Articles Using the Residual Magnetic Induction, Defektoskopiya, 1982, no. 8, pp. 69–79.

  17. Bida, G.V., Sazhina, E.Yu., and Tsar’kova, T.P., Magnetic Properties and Possibilities of Nondestructive Testing of Quenched and Tempered High-Chromium Steels, Defektoskopiya, 1996, no. 8, pp. 21–29.

  18. Mikheev, M.N., Somova, V.M., and Gorkunov, L.S., Nondestructive Magnetic Method of Testing Quality of Thermal Treatment of 30XH2MϕA and 4X Steels, Defektoskopiya, 1979, no. 10, pp. 47–53.

  19. Gorkunov, E.S., Miheev, M.N., and Dunaev, E.N., Magnetic and Electrical Properties of 18XHßA. 34XHεM, and Y9A Steels Depending on the Regime of Heat Treatment, Defektoskopiya, 1975, no. 3, pp. 119–126.

  20. Mikheev, M.N., Somova, V.M., and Gorkunov, E.S., Magnetic Inspection of the Quality of Thermal Treatment of Articles Produced from Structural Steels 45 and 50, Defektoskopiya, 1980, no. 7, pp. 22–28.

  21. Sterkhov, G.V., Ermolaev, V.G., and Gorkunov, E.S., Testing Quality of High-Temperature Tempering of Articles Produced from 30XTCA and 8Xϕ Steels in a Closed Magnetic Circuit, Defektoskopiya, 1984, no. 7, pp. 3–6.

  22. Mikheev, M.N. and Gorkunov, E.S., Magnitnye metody strukturnogo analiza i nerazrushayushchego kontrolya (Magnetic Methods of Structural Analysis and Nondestructive Testing), Moscow: Nauka, 1993.

    Google Scholar 

  23. Bida, G.V. and Sazhina, E.Yu., Magnetic Testing of Maraging Steel H18K9M5T, Tekhn. Diagnost. Nerazrush. Kontrol’, 1991, no. 2, pp. 38–42.

  24. Bida, G.V., Tsar’kova, T.P., Kostin, V.N., and Sazhina, E.Yu., The use of Relaxation Magnetic Properties for Nondestructive Testing of Quenched and Tempered Steels, Defektoskopiva, 1991, no. 12, pp. 39–44.

  25. Bida, G.V., Sazhina, E.Yu., Pochuev, N.D., Tsar’kova, T.P., and Nesterova, O.V., Studying the Possibility of Testing Mechanical Properties of Oil-Assortment Pipes by a Nondestructive Method, Defektoskopiva, 1995, no. 2, pp. 82–88.

  26. Bida, G.V., Pravdin, L.S., Burtseva, V.A., and Yakovlev, S.G., On the Possibility of Testing High-Temperature Tempering of Articles from 40X Steel, in Tezisy dokladov 7-oi Ural’skoi Nauchno-Tekhnicheskoi Konferentsii “Sovremennve metody nerazrushayushchego kontrolya i ikh metologicheskoe obespechenie” (Proc. of 7th Ural Science and Technical Conf. “State-of-the-Art Methods of Nondestructive Testing and Their Metrological Ensuring”), Ustinov: 1986, p. 22.

  27. Bida, G.V., Tsar’kova, T.P., Kostin, V.N., and Somova, V.M., Nondestructive Magnetic Testing of the Quality of Quenched and Tempered Articles from Steel 40X. Defektoskopiya, 1990, no. 2, pp. 68–72.

  28. Bida, G.V., Experience of Using the Nondestructive Quality Testing for Articles from 40X Steel, Defektoskopiya, 2003, no. 1, pp. 13–21 [Rus. J. of Nondestructive Testing (Engl. Trans.), 2003, vol. 39, no. 1, p. 10].

  29. Materialy v mashinostroenii: T. 2. Konstruktsionnaya stal’ (Materials in Mechanical Engineering: Vol. 2. Structural Steel), Mogilevskii, E.P., Ed., Moscow: Mashinostroenie, 1967.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institute of Metal Physics, Ural Division, Russian Academy of Sciences, ul. Sofii Kovalevskoi 18, Yekaterinburg, 620041, Russia

    G. V. Bida

Authors
  1. G. V. Bida
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Additional information

Original Russian Text © G.V. Bida, 2006, published in Defektoskopiya, 2006, Vol. 42, No. 7, pp. 15–27.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Bida, G.V. Magnetic quality control of hardened and tempered parts made of carbon and low-alloyed steels (review). Russ J Nondestruct Test 42, 433–442 (2006). https://doi.org/10.1134/S1061830906070023

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1134/S1061830906070023

Keywords

Search

Navigation