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D.A. Pospelov and the Development of Artificial Intelligence in the Soviet Union and the Russian Federation

  • SCIENTIFIC SCHOOLS OF THE FEDERAL RESEARCH CENTER “COMPUTER SCIENCE AND CONTROL” OF THE RUSSIAN ACADEMY OF SCIENCES, MOSCOW, THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION
  • D.A. Pospelov’s Scientific School
  • Published:
Pattern Recognition and Image Analysis Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

The widest range of scientific interests of Dmitrii Aleksandrovich Pospelov included numerous problems of artificial intelligence of a methodological and applied nature, management of large systems, the search for new unconventional approaches in computer architecture, and much more. Artificial intelligence is considered as a synthetic science at the intersection of computer science, applied mathematics, systems theory, control theory, logic, philosophy, psychology, and linguistics. To make decisions in intelligent systems, he proposed deductive, inductive, and plausible models that take into account the peculiarities of human reasoning. Consideration of the gyromat as an elementary model of expedient behavior, capable of adapting to the conditions of the problem being solved, was significantly ahead of the multiagent systems that appeared later. In technical systems, he considered it necessary to use various ways of organizing human activity. He analyzes cognitive graphics in the context of correlating texts and visual pictures through a general representation of knowledge. He draws attention to the role of images in human decision-making and the need to reflect them in intelligent systems. Of particular importance was the development of pseudo-physical logic to describe human perception of processes occurring in the real world, which can be represented, in particular, by the logic of relations and logic on fuzzy metric and topological scales. They showed that the semantics of operations on expert assessments on scales strongly depends on the context, while scales are formative models of the world. In applied semiotics, he examines the issues of using signs and sign systems in systems for representing, processing, and using knowledge in solving various problems; such semiotic systems are open, focused on working with dynamic knowledge bases, and implementing various aspects of the logic of reasoning. One of the most important achievements was a set of methods for constructing control systems, which are based on semiotic models for representing control objects and describing control procedures. Pospelov’s foresight of the future of artificial intelligence and the identification of growth points are reflected in many publications, and the modern development of artificial intelligence confirms much of what he outlined. As a science organizer, he led international projects, headed the UNESCO International Laboratory for Artificial Intelligence, was co-director of the International Basic Laboratory for Artificial Intelligence, and organized numerous international and European conferences.

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  1. Federal Research Center “Computer Science and Control” of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 119333, Moscow, Russian Federation

    A. N. Averkin & B. A. Kobrinskii

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Aleksei Nikolaevich Averkin (born January 9, 1949) – Leading Researcher of the Dorodnitsyn Computation Center of the Federal Research Center “Computer Science and Control” of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Candidate of Physics and Mathematics. Member of the Scientific Council of the Russian Association of Artificial Intelligence (since 1992), from 1996 to 2006–President of the Russian Association of Fuzzy Systems, Vice-President of the Russian Association of Fuzzy Systems and Soft Computing (since 2006), since 1993, Corresponding Member of the International Academy of Informatization in the department artificial intelligence.

Published more than 180 scientific papers and 5 monographs, including an explanatory dictionary on AI in collaboration with Pospelov. Within the problem area of artificial intelligence created with a hybrid neuro-fuzzy model to describe the functioning of a biological object, a methodology for constructing hybrid information intelligent decision support systems based on parametric logics in semi-structured subject areas. Developed the basic principles of a new integrated direction of soft measurements, combining general issues of theory and practical applications of soft computing and smart measurements in conditions of significant information uncertainty in complex man-made and natural systems, hybrid recognition and prediction systems based on modular and deep neural networks and neuro-fuzzy models of explainable artificial intelligence.

Boris Arkad’evich Kobrinskii (born on November 28, 1944)–Head of the Department of Intellectual Decision Support Systems of the Artificial Intelligence Research Institute of the Federal Research Center “Computer Science and Control” of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Doctor of Science, Professor, Honored Scientist of the Russian Federation. Chairman of the Scientific Council of the Russian Association of Artificial Intelligence, full member of the Russian and European Academy of Natural Sciences, full member of the International Academy of Informatization.

Author (co-author) of more than 500 scientific works including 10 monographs and 3 textbooks. Within the framework of the problem area of artificial intelligence, the concept of imagery engineering, the paradigm for creating logical-linguistic intelligent systems, the concept of knowledge-driven information systems were formulated, a modified version of Shortliff’s expert confidence factors was proposed, and more than 30 intelligent decision support systems for medicine were created.

From 2007 to present–Professor of the Department of Medical Cybernetics and Informatics of the Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, where he was been teaching a course on artificial intelligence. Since 2022, co-head of the master’s program “Intellectual Technologies in Medicine” at the Faculty of Computational Mathematics and Cybernetics of the Lomonosov Moscow State University.

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Averkin, A.N., Kobrinskii, B.A. D.A. Pospelov and the Development of Artificial Intelligence in the Soviet Union and the Russian Federation. Pattern Recognit. Image Anal. 33, 840–861 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1134/S1054661823040089

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