Abstract
The definitions of the carrier to envelope phase (CEP) and carrier to envelope offset (CEO) arc reviewed. It is pointed out that a unique separation of the field of an ultrashort pulse in a “carrier” and “envelope” is not always possible for ultrashort pulses. Another definition is proposed for pulses of a few optical cycles, that is not dependent on the notion of “carrier” and “envelope.” The carrier to envelope offset (CEO) is a frequency, generally defined as the ratio of the change in CEP between pulses, to the pulse (temporal) spacing. It is shown that the CEO exists for trains of long pulses, for which the CEP cannot be measured. Methods of measuring the CEO of a mode-locked laser are proposed. It is shown that MQW have a locking tendency on the CEO of two pulse trains.
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References
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Diels, J.C., Luo, X., Xu, X. et al. Definitions and control of the CEP and CEO. Laser Phys. 20, 1038–1043 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1134/S1054660X10090380
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1134/S1054660X10090380