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Water Balance of the Caspian Sea in the Last Glacial Maximum and Pre-Industrial Conditions Based on the Experiments with the INMIO-CICE General Sea Circulation Model

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Abstract

The INMIO-CICE hydrodynamic model of the Caspian Sea was used to calculate equilibrium river runoff and evaporation from the sea surface over a wide range of sea levels (from –85 to +50 m a.s.l.) for different climatic conditions: the Last Glacial Maximum (about 21 ka BP) and the pre-industrial climate (~1850). Data from the INMCM4.8 climate model were used as boundary conditions. It was found out that a river runoff of about 400 km3/yr was required in the Last Glacial Maximum to maintain the sea level at 35–50 m a.s.l. corresponding to the maximum values of the Khvalynian transgression. In the Last Glacial Maximum, evaporation from the sea surface decreased by 105–175 mm (12–22%), and a precipitation layer, according to the INMCM4.8 model, decreased by 50–70 mm (15–30%). These conditions caused the equilibrium runoff to decrease by about 10–20% compared to the pre-industrial conditions. Smaller absolute and relative changes corresponded to lower sea levels. The maximum evaporation decrease occurred at 5 m a.s.l.

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Funding

The work was supported by the Russian Science Foundation (grant no. 19-17-00215, modeling of CS WB components; grant no. 23-62-10043, INMCM4.8 simulations and data processesing) and the State Assignment (project no. FMWS-2024-0001, analysis of CS WB components and climate data).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institute of Geography, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119017, Moscow, Russia

    P. A. Morozova &  V. A. Semenov

  2. Shirshov Institute of Oceanology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 117997, Moscow, Russia

    K. V. Ushakov

  3. Water Problems Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, 117971, Moscow, Russia

    K. V. Ushakov &  V. A. Semenov

  4. A.M. Obukhov Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119017, Moscow, Russia

    V. A. Semenov

  5. Marchuk Institute of Numerical Mathematics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119333, Moscow, Russia

    E. M. Volodin

Authors
  1. P. A. Morozova
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  2. K. V. Ushakov
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  3. V. A. Semenov
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  4. E. M. Volodin
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to P. A. Morozova.

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Translated by E. Maslennikova

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Morozova, P.A., Ushakov, K.V., Semenov, V.A. et al. Water Balance of the Caspian Sea in the Last Glacial Maximum and Pre-Industrial Conditions Based on the Experiments with the INMIO-CICE General Sea Circulation Model. Dokl. Earth Sc. 515, 675–679 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1134/S1028334X23603620

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1134/S1028334X23603620

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