Abstract
The joint influence of the unaccounted time delay of signal transmission between “transmitter–sound receiver” pairs and temperature changes in the distances between them on the systematic error of sonic temperature measurements is considered. Analytical relations for estimating the considered error and the results of its calculation are presented. A method of calibration for such devices in a climate chamber using reference measuring instruments is described. The method allows one to reduce this influence by more than an order of magnitude in the range of measured temperatures from −70 to +50°C.
Similar content being viewed by others
REFERENCES
International standard: ISO 16 622:2002. Meteorology—Sonic Anemometers/Thermometers—Acceptance Test Methods for Means Wind Measurements.
A. Ya. Bogushevich, “Ultrasonic methods for estimation of atmospheric meteorological and turbulence parameters,” Atmos. Ocean. Opt. 12 (2), 164–169 (1999).
A. A. Tikhomirov, “Ultrasonic anemometers and thermometers for measuring fluctuations of air flux velocity and temperature. Review,” Opt. Atmos. Okeana 23 (7), 585–600 (2010).
http://uzmu.phys.msu.ru/abstract/2014/6/14308/. Cited June 29, 2021.
W. Barrett and E. Suomi, “preliminary report on temperature measurement by sonic means,” J. Meteorol. 6 (4), 273–276 (1949).
N. P. Fateev, “Acoustic method for air temperature measurement,” Trudy GGO, Is. 52, 114 (1955).
R. M. Schotland, “The measurement of wind velocity by sonic means,” J. Meteorol., 386–390 (1955).
A. S. Gurvich, “Acoustic microanemometer for the study of turbulence icrostructure,” Akust. Zh. 5 (3), 368–369 (1959).
J. C. Kaimal and J. A. Businger, “A continuous wave sonic anemometer-thermometer,” J. Appl. Meteorol. 2 (2), 156–164 (1963).
J. C. Kaimal, J. C. Wyngaard, and D. W. Haugen, “Deriving power spectra from three-component sonic anemometer,” J. Appl. Meteorol. 7, 827–837 (1968).
J. C. Kaimal and J. E. Gaynor, “Another look at sonic thermometry,” Bound. Layer Meteorol. 56, 410–418 (1991).
Y. Mitsuta, “Sonic anemometer-thermometer for general use,” J. Meteorol. Soc. Jpn. 44 (1), 12–23 (1966).
T. Hanafusa, T. Fujitani, Y. Koboi, and Y. Mitsuta, “A new type sonic anemometer-thermometer for field operation,” Meteorol. Geophys. 33, 1–19 (1982).
J. A. Businger, M. Miyake, A. J. Dyer, and E. F. Bradley, “On the direct determination of the turbulent heat flux near the ground,” J. Apll. Meteorol. 6 (6), 1025–1032 (1967).
L. V. Antoshkin, O. N. Emaleev, V. P. Lukin, V. M. Sukonkina, V. V. Khatsko, and A. P. Yankov, “Instruments for meteorological research in the atmosphere,” Pribory Tech. Exp., No. 3, 240–241 (1986).
G. Ya. Patrushev, A. P. Rostov, and A. P. Ivanov, “Automated ultrasonic anemometer-thermometer for measuring the turbulent characteristics in the ground atmospheric layer,” Atmos. Ocean. Opt. 7 (11-12), 890–891 (1994).
A. P. Rostov, “Ultrasonic system for studying spatiotemporal characteristics of wind and temperature fields,” Atmos. Ocean. Opt. 12 (2), 148–152 (1999).
A. A. Azbukin, A. Ya. Bogushevich, V. P. Lukin, V. V. Nosov, E. V. Nosov, and A. V. Torgaev, “Hardware-software complex for studying the structure of the fields of temperature and wind turbulent fluctuations,” Atmos. Ocean. Opt. 31 (5), 479–485 (2018).
V. Nosov, V. Lukin, E. Nosov, A. Torgaev, and A. Bogushevich, “Measurement of atmospheric turbulence characteristics by the ultrasonic anemometers and calibration processes,” Atmosphere 10, 460 (2019).
http://meteosap.ru/. Cited June 29, 2021.
https://metek.de/product-group/sonic-anemometer/. Cited June 29, 2021.
http://www.gill.co.uk/. Cited June 29, 2021.
www.biral.com/pcat/ultrasonic-sensors/. Cited June 29, 2021.
http://www.vaisala.com. Cited June 29, 2021.
www.youngusa.com/product/responseone-ultrasonic-anemometer/. Cited June 29, 2021.
http://belfortinstrument.com/ambient-meteorological/ wind/. Cited June 29, 2021.
http://www.climatronics.com/Applications/Sensors-and-Components/index.php. Cited June 29, 2021.
www.atmos-meteo.com/mesure/instruments-de-meteorologie.html. Cited June 29, 2021.
https://fttechnologies.com/wind-sensors/ft7-series/. Cited June 29, 2021.
www.campbellsci.com/heat-vapor-co2-flux. Cited June 29, 2021.
www.thiesclima.com/de/Produkte/Wind-Ultraschall-Anemometer/. Cited June 29, 2021.
http://typhoon-tower.obninsk.org/ru/ADAT3M.html. Cited June 29, 2021.
www.adventspb.ru/napravleniia-deiatel-nosti/analiticheskie-i-izmeritel-nye-pribory/komplekt-meteorologicheskii-avtomatizirovannyi/. Cited June 29, 2021.
Atmosphere. Handbook (Gidrometeoizdat, Leningrad, 1991) [in Russian].
A. A. Azbukin, A. Ya. Bogushevich, V. I. Il’ichevskii, V. A. Korol’kov, A. A. Tikhomirov, and V. D. Shelevoi, “Automated ultrasonic meteorological complex AMK-03,” Meteorol. Gidrol., No. 11, p. 89–97 (2006).
A. A. Azbukin, A. Ya. Bogushevich, V. A. Korol’kov, A. A. Tikhomirov, and V. D. Shelevoi, “A field version of the AMK-03 automated ultrasonic meteorological complex,” Rus. Meteorol. Hydrol. 34 (2), 133–136 (2009).
A. A. Tikhomirov, V. A. Korol’kov, A. Ya. Bogushevich, A. A. Azbukin, and V. D. Shelevoi, “Onboard meteorologicalcomplex based on multipurpose track-type and wheeled vehicles,” Vestn. Akad. Voen. Nauk. 24 (3), 144–148 (2008).
A. A. Azbukin, A. Ya. Bogushevich, A. A. Kobzev, V. A. Korol’kov, A. A. Tikhomirov, and V. D. Shelevoi, “AMK-03 automatic weather stations, their modifications and applications,” Datchiki Sistemy, No. 3, p. 42–52 (2012).
V. A. Korolkov, A. Ya. Bogushevich, V. V. Kalchikhin, A. A. Kobzev, S. A. Kurakov, K. N. Pustovalov, A. E. Telminov, A. A. Tikhomirov, and D. V. Petrov, “Experimental prototype of automatic weather station ArcticMeteo,” Proc. SPIE—Int. Soc. Opt. Eng. 11560 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2575822
V. A. Korolkov, A. A. Kobzev, A. A. Tikhomirov, A. E. Telminov, K. N. Pustovalov, A. Ya. Bogushevich, V. V. Kalchikhin, and S. A. Kurakov, “Automatic weather station ArcticMeteo. First Field Test Results,” Proc. IOP Conf. Ser.: Earth and Environ. Sci. 611, 012053 (2020).
A. Ya. Bogushevich, ”A software of ultrasonic meteorological stations for investigation of the atmospheric turbulence,” Atmos. Ocean. Opt. 12 (2), 170–174 (1999).
A. Ya. Bogushevich, RF Certificate of Software Registration No. 2002612038 (December 3, 2002).
http://meteosap.ru/services/ispytaniya-izdelij/. Cited June 29, 2021.
J. C. Wyngard and S. F. Zhang, “Tranducer-shadow effects on turbulent spectra measured by sonic anemometers,” J. Atmos. Ocean. Tehnol. 2 (12), 548–558 (1985).
A. Wieser, F. Fiedler, and U. Corsmeier, “The influence of design on wind measurements with sonic anemometer systems,” J. Atmos. Ocean. Tecno.l 18 (10), 1585–1608 (2001).
Funding
This work was supported by the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation (Institute of Monitoring of Climatic and Ecological Systems, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
The author declares that he has no conflicts of interest.
Additional information
Translated by A. Nikol’skii
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Bogushevich, A.Y. Minimization of Systematic Errors of an Ultrasonic Thermometer Due to Signal Time Delays and Temperature Variations in the Design. Atmos Ocean Opt 34, 730–737 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1134/S1024856021060051
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1134/S1024856021060051