Abstract
It is shown that the channel of apokampic discharge is a source of streamers at low air pressure and low frequencies (7–16 Hz) of high-voltage positive-polarity pulses and voltage amplitudes from 26 to 35 kV. The maximal starting speed of laboratory streamers was 560 km/s. A hypothesis about blue jet origination in nature is suggested based on experimental data. For their start, high frequencies of voltage pulses are not required, breakdowns in the Hz range are sufficient, but the discharge channel should bend and the field intensity should be high at the bending point.
Similar content being viewed by others
REFERENCES
D. D. Sentman and E. M. Wescott, “Observations of upper atmospheric optical flashes recorded from an aircraft,” Geophys. Rev. Lett. 20 (24), 2857–2860 (1993).
P. R. Krehbiel, J. A. Riousset, V. P. Pasko, R. J. Thomas, W. Rison, M. A. Stanley, and H. E. Edens, “Upward electrical discharges from thunderstorms,” Nat. Geosci. 1 (4), 233–237 (2008).
O. Chanrion, T. Neubert, A. Mogensen, Y. Yair, M. Stendel, R. Singh, and D. Siingh, “Profuse activity of blue electrical discharges at the tops of thunderstorms,” Geophys. Rev. Lett. 44 (1), 496–503 (2017).
N.Y. Liu, V. P. Pasko, K. Adams, H. C. Stenbaek-Nielsen, and M. G. McHarg, “Comparison of acceleration, expansion, and brightness of sprite streamers obtained from modeling and high-speed video observations,” J. Geophys. Res. 114 (A3), E03 (2009).
T. Suzuki, M. Hayakawa, Y. Hobara, and K. Kusunoki, “First detection of summer blue jets and starters over Northern Kanto area of Japan: Lightning activity,” J. Geophys. Res. A 117 (7), A07307 (2012).
V. A. Sadovnichii, M. I. Panasyuk, A. M. Amelyushkin, et al., “"Lomonosov” satellite-space observatory to study extreme phenomena in space," Space Sci. Rev. 212 (3-4), 1705‒1738 (2017).
E. V. Mishin and G. M. Milikh, “Blue jets: Upward Lightning,” Space Sci. Rev. 137 (4), 473–488 (2008).
V. A. Donchenko, M. V. Kabanov, B. V. Kaul’, P. M. Nagorskii, and I. V. Samokhvalov, Electrical Phenomena in the Atmosphere (NTL, Tomsk, 2015) [in Russian].
D. Siingh, R. P. Singh, S. Kumar, T. Dharmaraj, A. K. Singh, M. N. Patil, and Sh. Singh, “Lightning and middle atmospheric discharges in the atmosphere,” J. Atmos. Sol.-Terr. Phys. 134 (11), 78–101 (2015).
E. R. Williams, “Sprites, elves, and glow discharge tubes,” Phys. Today 54 (11), 41 (2001).
S. Pancheshnyi, M. Nudnova, and A. Starikovskii, “Development of a cathode-directed streamer discharge in air at different pressures: experiment and comparison with direct numerical simulation,” Phys. Rev. E 71 (1), 016407 (2005).
A. V. Strikovskii, A. A. Evtushenko, M. E. Gushchin, S. V. Korobkov, and A. V. Kostrov, “Pulsed high-voltage discharge in air with a pressure gradient,” Olasma Phys. Rep. 43 (10), 866–873 (2017).
V. F. Tarasenko, D. V. Beloplotov, M. I. Lomaev, and D. A. Sorokin, “Laboratory observation of mini sprites and blue jets in discharges initiated by runaway electrons,” Opt. Atmos. Okeana 27 (11), 1017–1019 (2014).
A. Robledo-Martinez, H. Sobral, and A. Ruiz-Meza, “Electrical discharges as a possible source of methane on mars: lab simulation,” Geophys. Rev. Lett. 39 (17), L17202 (2012).
E. A. Sosnin, V. A. Panarin, V. S. Skakun, and V. F. Tarasenko, “Blue jets and starters laboratory modelling by underpressure apokamp,” Opt. Atmos. Okeana 29 (10), 855–868 (2016).
V. A. Panarin, V. S. Skakun, E. A. Sosnin, and V. F. Tarasenko, “Laboratory simulation of blue and red diffuse minijets in air environment,” Opt. Atmos. Okeana 30 (3), 243–253 (2017).
E. A. Sosnin, E. Kh. Baksht, V. A. Panarin, V. S. Skakun, and V. F. Tarasenko, “Ministarters and mini blue jets in air and nitrogen at a pulse-periodic discharge in a laboratory experiment,” JETP Lett. 105 (10), 641–645 (2017).
V. S. Kuznetsov, E. A. Sosnin, V. A. Panarin, V. S. Skakun, and V. F. Tarasenko, “The influence of molecular gas on the apokamp discharge formation,” Opt. Spectrosc. 125 (3), 324–330 (2018).
E. A. Sosnin, G. V. Naidis, V. S. Tarasenko, V. S. Skakun, V. A. Panarin, N. A. Babaeva, E. Kh. Baksht, and V. S. Kuznetsov, “Apokamps produced by repetitive discharges in air,” Phys. Plasmas 25 (8), 083513 (2018).
V. S. Skakun, V. A. Panarin, V. F. Tarasenko, and V. S. Kuznetsov, “The influence of frequency and voltage to apokamp discharge dynamics at moderate pressures,” in Proc. of the 20th Int. Symp. on High-Current Electronics (ISHCE). 16–22 September,2018. Tomsk (TPU, Tomsk, 2018), p. 176–178.
E. A. Sosnin, V. A. Panarin, V. S. Skakun, E. Kh. Baksht, and V. F. Tarasenko, “Dynamics of apokamp-type atmospheric pressure plasma jets,” Eur. Phys. J. D 71 (2), 25 (2017).
E. A. Sosnin, G. V. Naidis, V. F. Tarasenko, V. S. Skakun, V. A. Panarin, and N. Yu. Babaeva, “On the physical nature of apokampic discharge,” JETP 125 (5), 920–925 (2017).
X. Lu, M. Laroussi, and V. Puech, “On atmospheric-pressure non-equilibrium plasma jets and plasma bullets,” Plasma Sources Sci. Technol. 21 (3), 034005 (2012).
T. Neubert, M. Rycroft, T. Farges, E. Blanc, O. Chanrion, E. Arnone, A. Odzimek, N. Arnold, C.-F. Enell, E. Turunen, N. Bosinger, A. Mika, C. Haldoupis, R. J. Steiner, O. van der Velde, S. Soula, P. Berg, F. Boberg, P. Thejll, B. Christiansen, M. Ignaccolo, M. Fullekrug, P. T. Verronen, J. Montanya, and N. Crosby, “Recent results from studies of electric discharges in the mesosphere,” Surv. Geophys. 29 (2), 71–137 (2008).
G. V. Naidis, “Positive and negative streamers in air: Velocity-diameter relation,” Phys. Rev. E 79 (5), 057401 (2009).
V. I. Ermakov and Yu. I. Stozhkov, Preprint no. 2 (Lebedev Physical Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, 2004).
H. Raether, Electron Avalanches and Breakdown in Gases (Butterworths, London, Great Britain, 1964).
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
The authors are grateful to A.G. Russkikh and D.S. Pechenitsyn for their help.
Funding
The work was performed within the State Assignment for IHCE SB RAS (theme no. 13.1.4).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding authors
Ethics declarations
The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest.
Additional information
Translated by O. Ponomareva
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Sosnin, E.A., Baksht, E.K., Kuznetsov, V.S. et al. Laboratory Simulation of Blue Jets with Apokampic Discharge in the Hz Frequency Range. Atmos Ocean Opt 32, 710–715 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1134/S1024856019060162
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1134/S1024856019060162