Abstract
A series of Pt/TiO2–C catalysts containing platinum particles preferentially in the cubic form with the size of 6.7 nm uniformly distributed over the hybrid TiO2–C supports containing hydrated titania in the form of anatase are synthesized by the method of electrochemical oxidation and dispersion of metals. The thus obtained catalysts and also the commercial Pt/C catalyst E-TEK are used for studying the electrooxidation of dimethyl ether by the methods of CV, chronoamperometry, and RDE. The platinum-containing catalysts on hybrid TiO2–C supports exhibit the activity exceeding the activity of commercial catalysts by more than one order of magnitude. The prospects of using these catalysts for enhancing the efficiency of fuel cells with direct oxidation of dimethyl ether are demonstrated.
Similar content being viewed by others
REFERENCES
Fateev, V.N., Grigoriev, S.A., and Seregina, E.A., Hydrogen energy in Russia and the USSR, Nanotechnol. Russ., 2020, vol. 15, no. 3, p. 256. https://doi.org/10.1134/S1995078020030040
Filippov, S., Golodnitsky, A., and Kashin, A. Fuel cells and hydrogen energy, Energ. Politika, 2020, no. 11, p.28.
Capurso, T., Stefanizzi, M., Torresi, M., and Camporeale, S.M., Perspective of the role of hydrogen in the 21st century energy transition, Energy Convers. Manage., 2022, vol. 251, p. 114898. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enconman.2021.114898
Bagotsky, V.S., Skundin, A.M., and Volfkovich, Yu.M., Electrochemical Power Sources: Batteries, Fuel Cells, and Supercapacitors, Wiley, 2015. https://doi.org/10.1595/205651315X689496
Kartik, Jain and Karan, Jain, Hydrogen fuel cell: A review of different types of fuel cells with emphasis on PEM fuel cells and catalysts used in the PEM fuel cell, Int. J. All Res. Educ. Sci. Methods (IJARESM), 2021, vol. 9, no. 9, p. 1012.
Etesami, M., Mehdipour-Ataei, S., Somwangthanaroj, A., and Kheawhom, S., Recent progress of electrocatalysts for hydrogen proton exchange membrane fuel cells, Int. J. Hydrogen Energy, 2021. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2021.09.133
Tsivadze, A.Yu., Tarasevich, M.R., Andreev, V.N., and Bogdanovskaya, V.A., Prospects for the creation of low-temperature fuel cells that do not contain platinum, Ross. Khim. Zh., 2006, vol. 50, no. 6, p. 109.
Serov, A., Artyushkova, K., Niangar, E., Wang, C., Dale, N., Jaouen, F., Sougrati, M.-T., Jia, Q., Mukerjee, S., and Atanassov, P., Nano-structured non-platinum catalysts for automotive fuel cell application, Nano Energy, 2015. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nanoen.2015.07.002
Elezovic, N.R., Radmilovic, V.R., and Krstajic, N.V., Platinum nanocatalysts on metal oxide based supports for low temperature fuel cell applications, RSC Adv., 2016, vol. 6, p. 6788. https://doi.org/10.1002/chin.201612224
Ghasemi, M., Choi, J., and Ju, H., Performance analysis of Pt/TiO2/C catalyst using a multi-scale and two-phase proton exchange membrane fuel cell mode, Electrochim. Acta, 2021, vol. 366, p. 137484. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.electacta.2020.137484
Wu, X., et al., Excellent performance of Pt–C/TiO2 for methanol oxidation: Contribution of mesopores and partially coated carbon, Appl. Surf. Sci., 2017, vol. 426, p. 890. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsusc.2017.07.219
Ong, B.C., Kamarudin, S.K., and Basri, S., Direct liquid fuel cells: A review, Int. J. Hydrogen Energy, 2017, vol. 42, p. 10142. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2017.01.117
Yaqoob, L., Noor, T., and Iqbal, N., Recent progress in development of efficient electrocatalyst for methanol oxidation reaction in direct methanol fuel cell, Int. J. Energy Res., 2021, vol. 45, no. 5, p. 6550. https://doi.org/10.1002/er.6316
Seyam, S., Dincer, I., and Agelin-Chaab, M., Novel hybrid aircraft propulsion systems using hydrogen, methane, methanol, ethanol and dimethyl ether as alternative fuels, Energy Convers. Manage., 2021, vol. 238, p. 114. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.econman.2021.114172
Yoo, J.-H., Choi, H.-G., Chunga, C.-H., and Choa, S.M., Fuel cells using dimethyl ether, J. Power Sources, 2006, vol. 163, p. 103.
Ueda, S., Eguchi, M., Uno, K., Tsutsumi, Y., and Ogawa, N., Electrochemical characteristics of direct dimethyl ether fuel cells, Solid State Ionics, 2006, vol. 177, p. 2175. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssi.2006.04.047
Kerangueven, G., Coutanceau, C., Sibert, E., Leger, J.-M., and Lamy, C., Methoxy methane (dimethyl ether) as an alternative fuel for direct fuel cells, J. Power Sources, 2006, vol. 157, p. 318. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpowsour.2005.07.080
Zhang, Y., et al., Electrochemical and infrared study of electro-oxidation of dimethyl ether (DME) on platinum polycrystalline electrode in acid solutions, Electrochim. Acta, 2008, vol. 53, no. 21, p. 6093. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.electacta.2008.01.109
Tong, Y., Lu, L., Zhang, Y., Gao, Y., Yin, G., Osawa, M., and Ye, S., Surface structure dependent electro-oxidation of dimethyl ether on platinum single-crystal electrodes, J. Phys. Chem., 2007, vol. 111, no. 51, p. 18836. https://doi.org/10.1021/JP7096907
Votchenko, E.Y., Kubanova, M.S., Smirnova, N.V., and Petrii, O.A., Adsorption and electrooxidation of dimethyl ether on platinized platinum electrode in sulfuric acid solution, Russ. J. Electrochem., 2010, vol. 46, p. 212.
Lu, L., et al., Electrochemical behaviors of dimethyl ether on platinum single crystal electrodes. Part I: Pt(1 1 1), J. Electroanal. Chem., 2008, vol. 619, no. 1, p. 143. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jelechem.2008.04.013
Lu, L., et al., Electrochemical behaviors of dimethyl ether on platinum single crystal electrodes. Part II: Pt(1 0 0), J. Electroanal. Chem., 2010, vol. 642, no. 1, p. 82. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jelechem.2008.04.013
Herron, J.A., Ferrin, P., and Mavrikakis, M., First-principles mechanistic analysis of dimethyl ether electro-oxidation on monometallic single-crystal surfaces, J. Phys. Chem., 2014, vol. 118, no. 42, p. 24199. https://doi.org/10.1021/JP505919X
Grinberg, V.A., et al., Nanostructured catalysts for direct electrooxidation of dimethyl ether based on Bi- and trimetallic Pt–Ru and Pt–Ru–Pd alloys prepared from coordination compounds, Russ. J. Coord. Chem., 2017, vol. 43, no. 4, p. 206. https://doi.org/10.1134/S1070328417040017
Tonnis, K., et al., Aqueous synthesis of highly dispersed Pt2Bi alloy nanoplatelets for dimethyl ether electro-oxidation, ACS Appl. Energy Mater., 2020, vol. 3, no. 8, p. 7588. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsaem.0c01028
Liu, Y., et al., Electro-oxidation of dimethyl ether on Pt/C and PtMe/C catalysts in sulfuric acid, Electrochim. Acta, 2006, vol. 51, p. 6503. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.electacta.2006.04.037
Li, Q., et al., High-activity PtRuPd/C catalyst for direct dimethyl ether fuel cells, Angew. Chem., 2015, vol. 54, no. 26, p. 7524. https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.201500454
Rutkowska, I.A., et al., Enhancement of oxidation of dimethyl ether through application of zirconia matrix for immobilization of noble metal catalytic nanoparticles, J. Solid State Electrochem., 2020, vol. 24, no. 11, p. 3173. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10008-020-04790-0
Kashyap, D., Teller, H., and Schechter, A., Dimethyl ether oxidation on an active SnO2/Pt/C catalyst for high-power fuel cells, ChemElectroChem, 2019, vol. 6, no. 9, p. 2407. https://doi.org/10.1002/CELC.201900216
Rutkowska, I.A., Rytelewska, B., and Kulesza, P.J., Enhancement of oxidation of dimethyl ether through formation of hybrid electrocatalysts composed of Vulcan-supported PtSn decorated with Ru-black or PtRu nanoparticles, Electrochim. Acta, 2021, vol. 400, p. 139437. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.electacta.2021.139437
Du, L., Lou, Sh., Chen, G., Zhang, G., Kong, F., Qian, Z., Du, Ch., Gao, Yu., Sun, Sh., and Yin, G., Direct dimethyl ether fuel cells with low platinum-group-metal loading at anode: Investigations of operating temperatures and anode Pt/Ru ratios, J. Power Sources, 2019, vol. 433, p. 126690. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpowsour.2019.05.096
Leontyev, I., Kuriganova, A., Kudryavtsev, Y., Dkhil, B., and Smirnova, N., New life of a forgotten method: Electrochemical route toward highly efficient Pt/C catalysts for low-temperature fuel cells, Appl. Catal. A, 2012, vol. 431, no. 7, p. 120. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apcata.2012.04.025
Smirnova, N.V., Kuriganova, A.B., Novikova, K.S., and Gerasimova, E.V., The role of carbon support morphology in the formation of catalytic layer of solid polymer fuel cell, Russ. J. Electrochem., 2014, vol. 50, p. 899. https://doi.org/10.1134/S1023193514070143
Kuriganova, A.B., Leontyeva, D.V., Ivanov, S., Bund, A., and Smirnova, N.V., Electrochemical dispersion technique for preparation of hybrid MOx–C supports and Pt/MOx–C electrocatalysts for low-temperature fuel cells, J. Appl. Electrochem., 2016, vol. 46, p. 1245. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10800-016-1006-5
Kuriganova, A.B., Leontyev, I.N., Alexandrin, A.S., Maslova, O.A., Rakhmatulline, A.I., and Smirnova, N.V., Electrochemically synthesized Pt/TiO2–C catalysts for direct methanol fuel cell applications, Mendeleev Commun., 2017, vol. 27, p. 67. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mencom.2017.01.021
Kuriganova, A., Alexandrin, A., and Smirnova, N., Electrochemical dispersion method for TiO2 nanoparticles preparation, Key Eng. Mater., 2016, vol. 683, p. 419. https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/KEM.683.419
Sherstyuk, O.V., Pron’kin, S.N., Chuvilin, A.L., Salanov, A.N., Savinova, E.R., Tsirlina, G.A., and Petrii, O.A., Platinum electrodeposits on glassy carbon: the formation mechanism, morphology, and adsorption properties, Russ. J. Electrochem., 2000, vol. 36, p. 741.
Cooper, K.R., Ramani, V., Fenton, J.M., and Runz, H.N., Experimental Methods and Data Analyses for Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cells, Southern Pines: Scribner, 2005.
Ulyankina, A., Avramenko, M., Kusnetsov, D., Firestein, K., Zhigunov, D., and Smirnova, N., Electrochemical synthesis of TiO2 under pulse alternating current: Effect of thermal treatment on the photocatalytic activity, Chem. Select., 2019, vol. 4, p. 2001. https://doi.org/10.1002/slct.201803367
Kuriganova, A.B., Gerasimova, E.V., Leont’ev, I.N., Smirnova, N.V., and Dobrovol’skiy Yu.A., An electrochemical method for preparation of nanodispersed Pt/C catalyst and the prospects for its application in low-temperature fuel cells, Al’tern. Energ. Ekol., 2011, vol. 5. p. 58.
Antolini, E., Review: Formation, microstructural characteristics and stability of carbon supported platinum catalysts for low temperature fuel cells, J. Mater. Sci., 2003, vol. 38, p. 2995. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1024771618027
Leontyev, I.N., Kuriganova, A.B., Leontyev, N.G., Hennet, L., Rakhmatullin, A., Smirnova, N.V., and Dmitriev, V., Size dependence of the lattice parameters of carbon supported platinum nanoparticles: X-ray diffraction analysis and theoretical considerations, RSC Adv., 2014, vol. 4, p. 35959. https://doi.org/10.1039/C4RA04809A
Tobaldi, D.M., Pullar, R.C., Seabra, M.P., and Labrincha, J.A., Fully quantitative X-ray characterisation of Evonik Aeroxide TiO2 P25, Mater. Letters, 2014, vol. 122, p. 345. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matlet.2014.02.055
López-Cudero, A., Solla-Gullón, J., Herrero, E., Aldaz, A., and Feliu, J.M., CO electrooxidation on carbon supported platinum nanoparticles: Effect of aggregation, J. Electroanal. Chem., 2010, vol. 644, p. 117. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jelechem.2009.06.016
Liu, Y., et al., Electrochemical and ATR-FTIR study of dimethyl ether and methanol electro-oxidation on sputtered Pt electrode, Electrochim. Acta, 2007, vol. 52, p. 5781. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.electacta.2007.02.061
Kerangueven, G., et al., Mechanism of di(methyl)ether (DME) electrooxidation at platinum electrodes in acid medium, J. Appl. Electrochem., 2006, vol. 36, p. 441. https://doi.org/10.1007/S10800-005-9095-6
Shao, M., et al., In situ ATR-SEIRAS study of electrooxidation of dimethyl ether on a Pt electrode in acid solutions, Electrochem. Commun., 2005, vol. 7, p. 459. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.elecom.2005.02.024
Housmans, T.H.M. and Koper, M.T.M., Methanol oxidation on stepped Pt[n(111)_(110)] electrodes: A chronoamperometric study, J. Phys. Chem., 2003, vol. 107, p. 8557. https://doi.org/10.1021/JP034291K
Petrii, O.A., The progress in understanding the mechanisms of methanol and formic acid electrooxidation on platinum group metals (a review). Russ. J. Electrochem., 2019, vol. 55, no. 1. https://doi.org/10.1134/S1023193519010129
Damaskin, B.B., Nekrasov, L.N., Petrii, O.A., Podlovchenko, B.I., Stenina, E.V., and Fedorovich, N.V., Elektrodnye prostessy v rastvorakh organicheskikh coedinenii (Electrode Processes in Solutions of Organic Compounds), Moscow: Moscow State University, 1985.
Burshtein, R.Kh., Tyurin, V.S., and Pshenichnikov, A.G., Electrochemical oxidation of hydrocarbons on a platinum electrode, Dokl. Akad. Nauk SSSR, 1965, vol. 160, no. 3, p. 629.
Schröder, D. and Schwarz, H., FeO activates methane, Angew. Chem., 1990, vol. 29, no. 12, p. 1433.
Dong, A., et al., Single PdO loaded on boron nanosheet for methane oxidation: A DFT study, Prog. Nat. Sci.: Mater. Int., 2019, vol. 29, no. 3, p. 367. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pnsc.2019.05.005
Zhao, Z.-J., et al., Theoretical Insights into the Selective Oxidation of Methane to Methanol in Copper-Exchanged Mordenite, ACS Catalysis, 2016, vol. 6, no. 6, p. 3760. https://doi.org/10.1021/acscatal.6B00440
Funding
This study was supported by the Russian Scientific Foundation (grant 20-79-10063).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.
Additional information
Translated by T. Safonova
A tribute to outstanding electrochemist Oleg Aleksandrovich Petrii (1937–2021).
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Kubanova, M.S., Kuriganova, A.B. & Smirnova, N.V. Electrooxidation of Dimethyl Ether on Pt/TiO2–C Сatalysts. Russ J Electrochem 58, 916–926 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1134/S1023193522100068
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1134/S1023193522100068