Abstract
We present a combined electrochemical and in situ STM study of the surface structure of Pt(100) single crystal electrodes in dependence on the cooling atmosphere after flame annealing. The following cooling conditions were applied: Ar/H2 and Ar/CO mixtures (reductive atmosphere), argon (inert gas) and air (oxidative atmosphere). Surface characterization by in-situ STM allows deriving direct correlations between surface structure and macroscopic electrochemical behavior of the respective platinum electrodes. We investigated the influence of defect type and density as well as long range surface order on the kinetics of the CO electro-oxidation reaction. The defect-rich Pt(100) electrodes as cooled in air or Ar, and followed by immersion in the hydrogen adsorption region display higher activities as compared to the rather smooth Pt(100)-(1 × 1) electrode cooled in an Ar/H2-atmosphere.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Markovic, N.M. and Ross, P.N., Surf. Sci. Rep., 2002, vol. 45, p. 117.
Spendelow, J.S. and Wieckowski, A., Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys., 2004, vol. 6, p. 5094.
Xu, Q., Linke, U., Bujak, R., and Wandlowski, T., Electrochim. Acta, 2009, vol. 54, p. 5509.
Adzic, R.R., Tripkovic, A.V., and Markovic, N.M., J. Electroanal. Chem., 1983, vol. 150, p. 79.
Tian, N., Zhou, Z.-Y., and Sun, S.-G., J. Phys. Chem., Ser. C, 2008, vol. 112, p. 19801.
Stamenkovic, V., Mun, B.S., Mayrhofer, K.J.J., Ross, P.N., Markovic, N.M., Rossmeisl, J., Greeley, J., and Nørskov, J.K., Angew. Chem. Int. Ed., 2006, vol. 45, p. 2897.
Besenbacher, F., Chorkendorff, I., Clausen, B.S., Hammer, B., Molenbroek, A.M., Nørskov, J.K., and Stensgaard, I., Science, 1998, vol. 279, p. 1913.
Koper, M.T.M., Ed., Fuel Cell Catalysis: a Surface Science Approach, Hoboken: Wiley, 2009.
Spendelow, J.S. and Wieckowski, A., Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys., 2007, vol. 9, p. 2654.
Stamenkovic, V.R., Mun, B.S., Arenz, M., Mayrhofer, K.J.J., Lucas, C.A., Wang, G., Ross, P.N., and Markovic, N.M., Nat. Mater., 2007, vol. 6, p. 241.
Lebedeva, N.P., Koper, M.T.M., Herrero, E., Feliu, J.M., and van Santen, R.A., J. Electroanal. Chem., 2000, vol. 487, p. 37.
Markovic, N.M., Lucas, C.A., Rodes, A., Stamenkovic, V., and Ross, P.N., Surf. Sci., 2002, vol. 499, p. L149.
Spendelow, J.S., Goodpaster, J.D., Kenis, P.J.A., and Wieckowski, A., J. Phys. Chem., Ser. B, 2006, vol. 110, p. 9545.
Inkaew, P., Zhou, W., and Korzeniewski, C., J. Electroanal. Chem., 2008, vol. 614, p. 93.
Samjeske, G., Miki, A., Ye, S., and Osawa, M., J. Phys. Chem., Ser. B, 2006, vol. 110, p. 16559.
Grozovski, V., Climent, V., Herrero, E., and Feliu, J.M., Chem. Phys. Chem., 2009, vol. 10, p. 1922.
Taguchi, S. and Feliu, J.M., Electrochim. Acta, 2007, vol. 52, p. 6023.
Dima, G.E., Beltramo, G.L., and Koper, M.T.M., Electrochim. Acta, 2005, vol. 50, p. 4318.
Molodkina, E.B., Ehrenburg, M.R., Polukarov, Y.M., Danilov, A.I., Souza-Garcia, J., and Feliu, J.M., Electrochim. Acta, 2010, vol. 56, p. 154.
Solla-Gullon, J., Rodriguez, P., Herrero, E., Aldaz, A., and Feliu, J.M., Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys., 2008, vol. 10, p. 1359.
Rudnev, A.V., Molodkina, E.B., Danilov, A.I., Polukarov, Y.M., Berna, A., and Feliu, J.M., Electrochim. Acta, 2009, vol. 54, p. 3692.
Danilov, A.I., Molodkina, E.B., Rudnev, A.V., Polukarov, Y.M., and Feliu, J.M., Electrochim. Acta, 2005, vol. 50, p. 5032.
Danilov, A.I., Nazmutdinov, R.R., Zinkicheva, T.T., Molodkina, E.B., Rudnev, A.V., Polukarov, Y.M., and Feliu, J.M., Russ. J. Electrochem., 2008, vol. 44, p. 697.
Herrero, E., Buller, L.J., and Abruna, H.D., Chem. Rev., 2001, vol. 101, p. 1897.
Thiel, K.O., Hintze, M., Vollmer, A., and Donner, C., J. Electroanal. Chem., 2008, vol. 621, p. 7.
Yokoyama, M., Liang, W.S., Chen, W., Wee, A.T.S., Matsui, T., and Yuhara, J., Surf. Sci., 2011, vol. 605, p. 844.
Okada, J., Inukai, J., and Itaya, K., Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys., 2001, vol. 3, p. 3297.
Francke, R., Climent, V., Baltruschat, H., and Feliu, J.M., J. Electroanal. Chem., 2008, vol. 624, p. 228.
Kolb, D.M., in Advances in Electrochemical Science and Engineering, Alkire, R.C. and Kolb, D.M., Eds., Weinheim: Wiley-VCH, 2001, vol. 7, p. 107.
Domke, K.F., Xiao, X.-Y., and Baltruschat, H., Electrochim. Acta, 2009, vol. 54, p. 4829.
Hazzazi, O.A., Attard, G.A., Wells, P.B., Vidal-Iglesias, F.J., and Casadesus, M., J. Electroanal. Chem., 2009, vol. 625, p. 123.
Strmcnik, D.S., Tripkovic, D.V., van der Vliet, D., Chang, K.-C., Komanicky, V., You, H., Karapetrov, G., Greeley, J.P., Stamenkovic, V.R., and Markovic, N.M., J. Am. Chem. Soc., 2008, vol. 130, p. 15332.
Karlberg, G.S., Jaramillo, T.F., Skulason, E., Rossmeisl, J., Bligaard, T., and Norskov, J.K., Phys. Rev. Lett., 2007, vol. 99, p. 126101.
Nørskov, J.K., Abild-Pedersen, F., Studt, F., and Bligaard, T., Proc. Natl Acad. Sci., 2011, vol. 108, p. 937.
Shingaya, Y., Matsumoto, H., Ogasawara, H., and Ito, M., Surf. Sci., 1995, vol. 335, p. 23.
Furuya, N. and Shibata, M., J. Electroanal. Chem., 1999, vol. 467, p. 85.
Kibler, L.A., Cuesta, A., Kleinert, M., and Kolb, D.M., J. Electroanal. Chem., 2000, vol. 484, p. 73.
Itaya, K., Prog. Surf. Sci., 1998, vol. 58, p. 121.
Clavilier, J., J. Electroanal. Chem., 1980, vol. 107, p. 211.
Clavilier, J., Faure, R., Guinet, G., and Durand, R., J. Electroanal. Chem., 1980, vol. 107, p. 205.
Clavilier, J., Durand, R., Guinet, G., and Faure, R., J. Electroanal. Chem., 1981, vol. 127, p. 281.
Clavilier, J., Armand, D., and Wu, B.L., J. Electroanal. Chem., 1982, vol. 135, p. 159.
Clavilier, J. and Armand, D., J. Electroanal. Chem., 1986, vol. 199, p. 187.
Scortichini, C.L. and Reilley, C.N., J. Electroanal. Chem., 1982, vol. 139, p. 233.
Scortichini, C.L., Woodward, F.E., and Reilley, C.N., Electroanal. Chem., 1982, vol. 139, p. 265.
Clavilier, J., in Interfaciai Electrochemistry: Theory, Experimental, and Applications, Wieckowski, A., Ed., New York: Marcel Dekker, 1999, p. 231.
Climent, V., Gomez, R., Orts, J.M., Rodes, A., Aldaz, A., and Feliu, J.M., in Interfacial Electrochemistry, Wieckowski, A., Ed., New York: Marcel Dekker, Inc., 1999, p. 463.
Hubbard, A.T., Ishikawa, R.M., and Katekaru, J., J. Electroanal. Chem. Interfacial Electrochem., 1978, vol. 86, p. 271.
Wagner, F.T. and Ross P.N., Jr., J. Electroanal. Chem. Interfacial Electrochem., 1983, vol. 150, p. 141.
Heilmann, P., Heinz, K., and Müller, K., Surf. Sci., 1979, vol. 83, p. 487.
Thiel, P.A., Behm, R.J., Norton, P.R., and Ertl, G., Surf. Sci., 1982, vol. 121, p. L553.
Behm, R.J., Thiel, P.A., Norton, P.R., and Ertl, G., J. Chem. Phys., 1983, vol. 78, p. 7437.
Cox, M.P., Ertl, G., Imbihl, R., and Rustig, J., Surf. Sci., 1983, vol. 134, p. L517.
Thiel, P.A., Behm, R.J., Norton, P.R., and Ertl, G., J. Chem. Phys., 1983, vol. 78, p. 7448.
Motoo, S. and Furuya, N., J. Electroanal. Chem. Interfaciai Electrochem., 1984, vol. 172, p. 339.
Motoo, S. and Furuya, N., Ber. Bunsen-Ges. Phys. Chem., 1987, vol. 91, p. 457.
Markovic, N.M., Marinkovic, N.S., and Adzic, R.R., J. Electroanal. Chem., 1988, vol. 241, p. 309.
Palaikis, L., Zurawski, D., Hourani, M., and Wieckowski, A., Surf. Sci., 1988, vol. 199, p. 183.
Al-Akl, A., Attard, G.A., Price, R., and Timothy, B., J. Electroanal. Chem., 1999, vol. 467, p. 60.
Wakisaka, M., Sugimasa, M., Inukai, J., and Itaya, K., J. Electrochem. Soc., 2003, vol. 150, p. E81.
Clavilier, J., Orts, J.M., and Feliu, J.M., J. Phys., Ser. IV, 1994, vol. 4, p. 303.
Feliu, J.M., Rodes, A., Orts, J.M., and Clavilier, J., Pol. J. Chem., 1994, vol. 68, p. 1575.
Clavilier, J., Armand, D., Sun, S.G., and Petit, M., J. Electroanal. Chem., 1986, vol. 205, p. 267.
Hara, M., Linke, U., and Wandlowski, T., Electrochim. Acta, 2007, vol. 52, p. 5733.
Rodes, A., Climent, V., Orts, J.M., Pérez, J.M., and Aldaz, A., Electrochim. Acta, 1998, vol. 44, p. 1077.
Horcas, I., Fernandez, R., Gomez-Rodriguez, J.M., Colchero, J., Gomez-Herrero, J., and Baro, A.M., Rev. Sci. Instrum., 2007, vol. 78, p. 013705.
Armand, D. and Clavilier, J., J. Electroanal. Chem., 1987, vol. 225, p. 205.
Armand, D. and Clavilier, J., J. Electroanal. Chem., 1987, vol. 233, p. 251.
Rodes, A., Zamakhchari, M.A., Elachi, K., and Clavilier, J., J. Electroanal. Chem., 1991, vol. 305, p. 115.
Watanabe, S., Inukai, J., and Ito, M., Surf. Sci., 1993, vol. 293, p. 1.
Vidal-Iglesias, F.J., Solla-Gullón, J., Campica, J.M., Herrero, E., Aldaz, A., and Feliu, J.M., Electrochim. Acta, 2009, vol. 54, p. 4459.
Garcia-Araez, N., Climent, V., Herrero, E., and Feliu, J.M., Surf. Sci., 2004, vol. 560, p. 269.
Clavilier, J., Rodes, A., Elachi, K., and Zamakhchari, M.A., J. Chim. Phys.-Chim. Biol., 1991, vol. 88, p. 1291.
Markovic, N.M., Lucas, C.A., Grgur, B.N., and Ross, P.N., J. Phys. Chem., Ser. B, 1999, vol. 103, p. 9616.
Sashikata, K., Sugata, T., Sugimasa, M., and Itaya, K., Langmuir, 1998, vol. 14, p. 2896.
Pennemann, B., Oster, K., and Wandelt, K., Surf. Sci., 1991, vol. 249, p. 35.
Norton, P.R., Creber, D.K., and Davies, J.A., J. Vac. Sci. Technol., 1980, vol. 17, p. 149.
Horch, S., Lorensen, H.T., Helveg, S., Laegsgaard, E., Stensgaard, I., Jacobsen, K.W., Norskov, J.K., and Besenbacher, F., Nature, 1999, vol. 398, p. 134.
Zei, M.S., Batina, N., and Kolb, D.M., Surf. Sci., 1994, vol. 306, p. L519.
Al-Akl, A., Attard, G., Price, R., and Timothy, B., Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys., 2001, vol. 3, p. 3261.
Wu, K. and Zei, M.S., Surf. Sci., 1998, vol. 415, p. 212.
Gómez, R., Feliu, J.M., Aldaz, A., and Weaver, M.J., Surf. Sci., 1998, vol. 410, p. 48.
Domke, K., Herrero, E., Rodes, A., and Feliu, J.M., J. Electroanal. Chem., 2003, vol. 552, p. 115.
López-Cudero, A., Cuesta, A., and Gutiérrez, C., J. Electroanal. Chem., 2006, vol. 586, p. 204.
Lucas, C.A., Markovic, N.M., and Ross, P.N., Surf. Sci., 1999, vol. 425, p. L381.
Markovic, N.M., Grgur, B.N., Lucas, C.A., and Ross, P.N., J. Phys. Chem., Ser. B, 1999, vol. 103, p. 487.
Gilman, S., J. Phys. Chem., 1964, vol. 68, p. 70.
Lebedeva, N.P., Rodes, A., Feliu, J.M., Koper, M.T.M., and van Santen, R.A., J. Phys. Chem., Ser. B, 2002, vol. 106, p. 9863.
Koper, M.T.M., Lebedeva, N.P., and Hermse, C.G.M., Faraday Discuss., 2002, vol. 121, p. 301.
Lebedeva, N.P., Koper, M.T.M., Feliu, J.M., and van Santen, R.A., Electrochem. Commun., 2000, vol. 2, p. 487.
Petukhov, A.V., Akemann, W., Friedrich, K.A., and Stimming, U., Surf. Sci., 1998, vols. 402–404, p. 182.
López-Cudero, A., Cuesta, A., and Gutiérrez, C., J. Electroanal. Chem., 2003, vol. 548, p. 109.
Rodes, A., Pastor, E., and Iwasita, T., J. Electroanal. Chem., 1994, vol. 377, p. 215.
Tao, F., Dag, S., Wang, L.-W., Liu, Z., Butcher, D.R., Bluhm, H., Salmeron, M., and Somorjai, G.A., Science, 2010, vol. 327, p. 850.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding authors
Additional information
Published in Russian in Elektrokhimiya, 2012, Vol. 48, No. 3, pp. 285–298.
The article is published in the original.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Rudnev, A.V., Wandlowski, T. An influence of pretreatment conditions on surface structure and reactivity of Pt(100) towards CO oxidation reaction. Russ J Electrochem 48, 259–270 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1134/S1023193512030123
Received:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1134/S1023193512030123