Skip to main content
Log in

Dispersive transport in molecularly doped polymers: Theory and experiment

  • Published:
Russian Journal of Electrochemistry Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Theoretical and experimental studies of the carrier transport in molecularly doped polymers (MDPs) have been reported. Theoretical analysis uses the multiple trapping (MT) model with an exponential and Gaussian trap distributions. Experimental technique is based on an electron gun technology enabling one to conduct time of flight measurements using the surface and the bulk carrier generation. The list of MDPs tested includes both polar and non-polar systems, some with varying dopant concentration. Experimental results are compared to the MT model predictions as well as the mainstream theories of the hopping conduction in MDPs.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Scher, H. and Montroll, E.W., Phys. Rev., B, 1975, vol. 12, p. 2455.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. Arkhipov, V.I., Iovu, M.S., Rudenko, A.I., et al., Phys. Stat. Sol., A, 1979, vol. 54, p. 67.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. Bässler, H., Phys. Stat. Sol., B, 1981, vol. 107, p. 9.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. Bässler, H., Phys. Stat. Sol., B, 1993, vol. 175, p. 15.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. Novikov, S.V., Dunlap, D.H., Kenkre, V.M., et al., Phys. Rev. Lett., 1998, vol. 81, p. 4472.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. Novikov, S.V. and Vannikov, A.V., J. Phys. Chem., C, 2009, vol. 113, p. 2532.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. Pfister, G., Phys. Rev., B, 1977, vol. 16, p. 3676.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. Tyutnev, A.P., Kundina, Yu.F., Saenko, V.S., et al., High Performance Polymers, 2003, vol. 15, p. 77.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. Borsenberger, P.M. and Weiss, D.S., Organic Photoreceptors for Xerography, New York: Marcel Dekker, 1998.

    Google Scholar 

  10. Weiss, D.S. and Abkowitz, M., Chem. Rev., 2010, vol. 110, p. 479.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. Tyutnev, A.P., Saenko, V.S., Vannikov, A.V., et al., High Energy Chem., 2000, vol. 34, p. 80.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. Tyutnev, A.P., Saenko, V.S., Kundina, Yu.F., et al., J. Imag. Sci. Tech., 2001, vol. 45, p. 297.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. Tyutnev, A.P., Saenko, V.S., Pozhidaev, E.D., et al., High Performance Polymers, 2005, vol. 17, p. 175.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. Tyutnev, A.P., Saenko, V.S., Pozhidaev, E.D., et al., J. Phys.: Condens. Matter, 2009, vol. 21, 115107.

  15. Dunlap, D.H., Schein, L.B., Tyutnev, A.P., et al., J. Phys. Chem., C, 2010, vol. 114, p. 9076.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. Plyukhin, A.V., Semiconductors, 1983, vol. 27, p. 379.

    Google Scholar 

  17. Nikitenko, V.R., von Seggern, H., and Bässler, H., J. Phys., Condens. Matter, 2007, vol. 19, p. 136210.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  18. Nikitenko, V.R., Tyutnev, A.P., and Korolev, N.A., Semiconductors, 2009, vol. 43, p. 1466.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. Movaghar, B., Grunwald, M., Ries, B., et al., Phys. Rev., B, 1986, vol. 33, p. 5532.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  20. Pautmeier, L., Richert, R., and Bässler, H., Phil. Mag. Lett., 1989, vol. 59, p. 325.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  21. Tyutnev, A.P., Ikhsanov, R.Sh., Nikitenko, V.R., et al., Polym. Sci., A, 2010, vol. 52, p. 447.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  22. Tyutnev, A.P., Saenko, V.S., Pozhidaev, E.D., et al., J. Phys.: Condens. Matter, 2008, vol. 20, 215219.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  23. Borsenberger, P.M., Pautmeier, L., Richert, R., and Bässler, H., J. Chem. Phys., 1991, vol. 94, p. 8276.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. Borsenberger, P.M., Adv. Mater. Opt. Electron., 1992, vol. 1, p. 73.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. Gill, W.D., J. Appl. Phys., 1972, vol. 43, p. 5033.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  26. Abkowitz, M.A., Rice, M.J., and Stolka, M., Phil. Mag., B, 1990, vol. 61, p. 25.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. Young, R.H., J. Chem. Phys., 1995, vol. 103, p. 6749.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  28. Borsenberger, P.M., J. Appl. Phys., 1990, vol. 68, p. 6263.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  29. Borsenberger, P.M., Gruenbaum, W.T., Magin, E.H., and Sorriero, L.J., Chem. Phys., 1995, vol. 195, p. 435.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  30. Borsenberger, P.M., Magin, E.H., Sinicropi, and Lin, L.-B., J. Appl. Phys., 1998, vol. 37, p. 166.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  31. Mack, J.X., Schein, L.B., and Peled, A., Phys. Rev., B, 1989, vol. 39, p. 7500.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  32. Borsenberger, P.M. and Schein, L.B., J. Chem. Phys., 1994, vol. 98, p. 233.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  33. Bässler, H. and Borsenberger, P.M., Chem. Phys., 1993, vol. 177, p. 763.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  34. Schein, L.B., Saenko, V., Pozhidaev, E.D., et al., J. Phys. Chem., C, 2009, vol. 113, p. 1067.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  35. Ikhsanov, R.Sh., Tyutnev, A.P., Saenko, V.S., and Pozhidaev, E.D., Russ. J. Phys. Chem., B, 2010, vol. 4, p. 825.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  36. Borsenberger, P.M., Magin, E.H., and Fitzgerald, J.J., J. Phys. Chem., 1993, vol. 97, p. 9213.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  37. Borsenberger, P.M. and Bässler, H., J. Appl. Phys., 1994, vol. 75, p. 967.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  38. Borsenberger, P.M., Pautmeier, L., and Bässler, H., J. Chem. Phys., 1991, vol. 94, p. 5447.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  39. Borsenberger, P.M., J. Appl. Phys., 1992, vol. 72, p. 5383.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  40. Abkowitz, M.A., Sinthtic Metals, 2004, vol. 141, p. 29.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  41. Hirao, A., Nishizava, H., and Sugiuchi, M., Phys. Rev. Lett., 1995, vol. 75, p. 1787.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  42. Hirao, A., Tsukamoto, T., and Nishizava, H., Phys. Rev., B, 1999, vol. 59, p. 12991.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  43. Tyutnev, A.P., Sadovnichii, D.N., Saenko, V.S., et al., Polym. Sci., A, 2000, vol. 42, p. 10.

    Google Scholar 

  44. Tyutnev, A.P., Saenko, V.S., Pozhidaev, E.D., et al., J. Phys.: Condens. Matter, 2006, vol. 18, p. 6365.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  45. Sharp, J.H., J. Phys. Chem., 1967, vol. 71, p. 2587.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  46. Maruyama, Y. and Funabashi, K., J. Chem. Phys., 1972, vol. 56, p. 2342.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  47. Gill, W.D., Energy and Charge Transfer in Organic Semiconductors, Masuda, K. and Silver, M., Eds., Plenum Press, 1974, p. 137.

  48. Kitayama, H., Yokoyama, M., and Mikawa, H., Mol. Cryst. Liq. Cryst., 1981, vol. 69, p. 257.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  49. Ziman, J.M., Models of Disorder. London: Cambridge University Press, 1979.

    Google Scholar 

  50. Lin, J., Deng, Q., and Jean, Y.C., Macromolecules, 1993, vol. 26, p. 7149.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  51. Huang, C.-M., Hellmuth, E.W., and Jean, Y.C., J. Phys. Chem., B, 1998, vol. 102, p. 2474.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  52. Yampolskii, Yu.P., Russ. Chem. Rev., 2007, vol. 76, p. 59.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  53. Tyutnev, A.P., High Energy Chem., 1996, vol. 30, p. 1.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  54. Monroe, D. and Kastner, M.A., Phys. Rev., B, 1986, vol. 33, p. 8881.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  55. Zamaraev, K.I., Khairutdinov, R.F., and Zhdanov, V.P., Electron Tunneling Chemistry, Novosibirsk: Nauka, 1985 [in Russian].

    Google Scholar 

  56. Pochan, J.M., Hinman, D.F., and Nash, R., J. Appl. Phys., 1975, vol. 46, p. 4115.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to A. P. Tyutnev.

Additional information

Published in Russian in Elektrokhimiya, 2012, Vol. 48, No. 2, pp. 208–216.

The article was translated by the authors.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Tyutnev, A.P., Ikhsanov, R.S., Saenko, V.S. et al. Dispersive transport in molecularly doped polymers: Theory and experiment. Russ J Electrochem 48, 189–196 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1134/S1023193512020188

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1134/S1023193512020188

Keywords

Navigation