Abstract
Succinic acid has been synthesized by galvanostatic electroreduction of maleic acid at a Ti/ceramic TiO2 cathode in aqueous acidic, neutral and alkaline media in the divided or no divided cell. Effect of separators, current density and medium on the product yield and current efficiency for product formation has been discussed. The product succinic acid has been isolated and characterized by its melting point, IR and NMR.
References
Graselli, A.G., The Merck Index, An Encyclopedia of Chemicals, Drugs and Biologicals (11th Ed.), USA: Merck and Co., 1983, p. 1399.
Kirk, R.K. and Othmer, D.F., Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology (3rd Ed.), New York: John Wiley & Sons, 1983; vol. 21, p. 858.
Muzumdar, A.V., Sawant, B.S., and Pangarkar, V.G., Organic Process Res. Development, 2004, vol. 8, p. 685.
Gora, J., Smigielski, K., and Kula, J., PL, 1990, vol. 148, p. 885 (CI.C07C55/10), Applications, 1987, vol. 269881, p. 2.
Fujita, R. and Sekine, T., Denki Kagaku, 1982, vol. 50, p. 491.
Thomas, F.G. and Henze, G., Introduction to Voltammetric Analysis, Collingwood, Vic. Australia: CSIRO, 2001, p. 183.
Patrikeev, V.V., Balandin, A.A., and Khidakel, M.L., Bull. Acad. Sci. USSR, Div. Chem. Sci., 1958, p. 411.
Danly, D.E., Emerging Opportunities for Electroorganic Processes, New York: Marcel Dekker Inc., 1984, no. 1.
Vasudevan, D., J. Appl. Electrochem., 1995, vol. 25, p. 176.
Vaghela, S.S., Ramachandraiah, G., Ghosh, P.K., and Vasudevan, D., J. Appl. Electrochem., 2002, vol. 32, p. 1189.
Beck, F. and Gabriel, W., Angwe Chem., 1985, vol. 24, p. 771.
Vasudevan, D., Chellammal, S., and Anantharaman, P.N., J. Appl. Electrochem., 1991, vol. 21, p. 839.
Atlas of Spectral Data and Physical Constants for Organic Compounds, Graselli, J.S., Ed., USA: CRC Press, 1973, p. B–437.
Vasudevan, D. and Anantharaman, P.N., J. Appl. Electrochem., 1994, vol. 24, p. 559.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
Published in Russian in Elektrokhimiya, 2009, vol. 45, No. 11, pp. 1413–1415.
The article is published in the original.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Vasudevan, D. Medium effects in the electrosynthesis of succinic acid at a Ti/ceramic TiO2 cathode. Russ J Electrochem 45, 1310–1312 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1134/S1023193509110147
Received:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1134/S1023193509110147