Skip to main content

Gene Pool of Khakass and Shors for Y Chromosome Markers: Common Components and Tribal Genetic Structure

Russian Journal of Genetics volume 56, pages 849–855 (2020)Cite this article

Abstract

The genetic structure of Khakass and Shor populations and clans (seoks) in terms of Y chromosome markers was investigated. The results of the analysis of haplogroup frequencies and YSTR haplotypes indicate that the Khakass and Shor seoks are related associations, in most cases having the same ancestor in the patrilineage. The gene pool of Khakass and Shors, more precisely a part marked by Y chromosome haplogroups, was shown to be primarily structured according to the generic principle. A strong genetic affinity of the members of the same seok was shown for the vast majority of the samples. Various Y chromosome haplogroups in the Khakass and Shor gene pools demonstrate their genetic affinity with Tuvans, Kets, Altaians, and Teleuts. This suggests the unity of the generalized gene pool of the indigenous South Siberian population and the genetic continuity of the populations living in this territory. Significant differences between the subethnic groups that are part of modern Khakass and Shors were revealed, where both of these ethnic groups were formed on the basis of common genetic components and demonstrate genetic affinity in various clans.

This is a preview of subscription content, access via your institution.

Access options

Buy single article

Instant access to the full article PDF.

USD 39.95

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Fig. 1.
Fig. 2.

REFERENCES

  1. Tyurkskie narody Sibiri (Turkic Peoples of Siberia), Funk, D.A. and Tomilov, N.A., Eds., Moscow: Nauka, 2006.

    Google Scholar 

  2. http://www.perepis-2010.ru/.

  3. Genofond naseleniya Sibiri: sbornik nauchnykh statei (Gene Pool of the Siberian Population: a Collection of Scientific Papers), Konenkov, V.I., Puzyrev, V.P., and Voevoda, M.I., Eds., Novosibirsk: Inst. Arkheol. Etnografii Sib. Otd. Ross. Akad. Nauk, 2003, pp. 174—176.

    Google Scholar 

  4. Kharkov, V.N., Khamina, K.V., Medvedeva, O.F., et al., Genetic diversity of the Khakass gene pool: subethnic differentiation and the structure of Y-chromosome haplogroups, Mol. Biol. (Moscow), 2011, vol. 45, no. 3, pp. 404—416.

    CAS  Article  Google Scholar 

  5. Kharkov, V.N., Novikova, L.M., Luzina, F.A., et al., Analysis of the gene pool and tribal structure of Shors based on Y-chromosome markers, Med. Genet., 2016, vol. 15, no. 5, pp. 48—51.

    Google Scholar 

  6. Butanaev, V.Ya., The origin of the Khakass according to ethnonymics data, in Problemy arkheologii i etnografii (Challenges in Archeology and Ethnography), Leningrad, 1983, issue 2, pp. 68—73.

  7. The Y-Chromosome Consortium, A nomenclature system for the tree of human Y-chromosomal binary haplogroups, Genome Res., 2002, vol. 12, pp. 339—348. https://doi.org/10.1101/gr.217602

  8. http://www.isogg.org/.

  9. Ilumäe, A.-M. Reidla, M., Chukhryaeva, M., et al., Human Y-chromosome haplogroup N: a non-trivial time-resolved phylogeography that cuts across language families, Am. J. Hum. Genet., 2016, vol. 99, pp. 163—173.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajhg.2016.05.025

    CAS  Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  10. Bandelt, H.-J., Forster, P., and Röhl, A., Median-joining networks for inferring intraspecific phylogenies, Mol. Biol. Evol., 1999, vol. 16, pp. 37—48. https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.molbev.a026036

    CAS  Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  11. Sengupta, S., Zhivotovsky, L.A., King, R., et al., Polarity and temporality of high resolution Y-chromosome distributions in India identify both indigenous and exogenous expansions and reveal minor genetic influence of central Asian pastoralists, Am. J. Hum. Genet., 2006, vol. 78, pp. 202—221. https://doi.org/10.1086/499411

    CAS  Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  12. Butanaev, V.Ya., Proiskhozhdenie khakasskikh rodov i familii (Origin of the Khakass Clans and Surnames), Abakan, 1994.

  13. Potapov, L.P., Proiskhozhdenie i formirovanie khakasskoi narodnosti (The Origin and Formation of the Khakass Ethnic Group), Abakan: Khakasskoe Kn. Izd., 1957.

  14. Istoricheskaya etnografiya: traditsii i sovremennost’ (Historical Ethnography: Traditions and Modernity), issue II of Problemy arkheologii i etnografii (Challenges in Archeology and Ethnography), Leningrad: Leningrad Gos. Univ., 1983.

  15. Kharkov, V.N., Khamina, K.V., Medvedeva, O.F., et al., Gene-pool structure of Tuvinians inferred from Y‑chromosome marker data, Russ. J. Genet., 2013, vol. 49, no. 12, pp. 1236—1244. https://doi.org/10.1134/S102279541312003X

    CAS  Article  Google Scholar 

  16. Kimeev, V.M., The problem of Shors’ ethnogenesis, Vestn. Kemer. Gos. Univ., 2014, no. 3(59), pp. 54—66.

  17. Alekseev, V.P., Anthropological data and problems of the origin of Shors, Uch. Zap. Khakass. Nauchno-Issled. Inst. Yazyka, Lit. Istor., 1965, no. 11, pp. 86—100.

  18. Dolgikh, B.O., Clan and tribal composition of the peoples of Siberia in the 17th century, Tr. Inst. Etnografii im. N.N. Miklukho-Maklaya,Nov. Ser., 1960, vol. 55, pp. 104—118.

    Google Scholar 

  19. Butanaev, V.Ya., Question of the self-designation of Khakass, Etnograf. Obozr., 1992, no. 2, pp. 63—69.

  20. Vainshtein, S.I., Essay on the Ethnogenesis of Tuvinians, Uch. Zap. Tuviskogo Nauchno-Issled. Inst. Yazyka, Lit. Istor., 1957, no. 5, p. 198.

  21. Alekseev, V.P. and Gokhman, I.I., Antropologiya aziatskoi chasti SSSR (Anthropology of the Asian Part of the Soviet Union), Moscow, 1984.

  22. Okladnikov, A.P., The ancient population of Siberia and its culture, in Narody Sibiri (The Peoples of Siberia), Moscow: Akad. Nauk SSSR, 1956, pp. 21—107.

  23. Antropo-ekologicheskie issledovaniya v Tuve (Anthropological and Ecological Studies in Tuva), Alekseeva, T.I. and Uryson, M.I., Eds., Moscow: Nauka, 1984.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Funding

This work was carried out as part of the Union State Scientific and Technical Program “Development of Innovative Genogeographic and Genomic Technologies for Personal Identification and Identification of Personal Traits through the Study of Gene Pools of the Union State Regions” (“DNA Identification”), state contract no. 011-17 of September 26, 2017, and also supported by the Russian Foundation for Basic Research, grant no. 18-29-13045, “Population Genomics and Human Transcriptomics: Search for Signals of Non-Neutral Evolution.”

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Research Institute of Medical Genetics, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, 634050, Tomsk, Russia

    V. N. Kharkov, L. M. Novikova, I. Yu. Khitrinskaya, V. G. Volkov & V. A. Stepanov

  2. Katanov Khakassian State University, 655017, Abakan, Russia

    O. V. Shtygasheva

  3. Research Institute for Complex Problems of Hygiene and Occupational Diseases, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 654041, Novokuznetsk, Russia

    F. A. Luzina

Authors
  1. V. N. Kharkov
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. L. M. Novikova
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. O. V. Shtygasheva
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. F. A. Luzina
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. I. Yu. Khitrinskaya
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  6. V. G. Volkov
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  7. V. A. Stepanov
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to V. N. Kharkov.

Ethics declarations

Conflict of interest. The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

Statement of compliance with standards of research involving humans as subjects. All procedures performed in this study involving people comply with the ethical standards of the institutional and/or the national research ethics committee and the 1964 Helsinki Declaration and subsequent amendments or comparable ethical standards. Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants involved in the study.

Additional information

Translated by K. Lazarev

Rights and permissions

Reprints and Permissions

About this article

Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Kharkov, V.N., Novikova, L.M., Shtygasheva, O.V. et al. Gene Pool of Khakass and Shors for Y Chromosome Markers: Common Components and Tribal Genetic Structure. Russ J Genet 56, 849–855 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1134/S1022795420070078

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Revised:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1134/S1022795420070078

Keywords:

  • Y chromosome
  • gene pool
  • population
  • genetic diversity
  • Khakass
  • Shors
  • seok