Abstract
We carried out an allozyme analysis to investigate polymorphism and genetic structure of the populations of D. incarnata and D. ochroleuca in regions of their joint growth in Russia and Belarus. We found that D. ochroleuca individuals in the populations of the Urals and Siberia, which are distant fragments from the main range of the species, do not differ significantly from individuals within the main part of the area (Belarus) on the basis of the allelic composition of eight gene loci. We revealed that D. ochroleuca and D. incarnata are differentiated by different alleles of the GDH locus. Thus, we established a genetic marker suitable to distinguish these closely related taxa. In addition to the GDH locus, D. ochroleuca and D. incarnata in the places of their joint growth, differ in the allelic structure of the PGI and NADHD loci. D. incarnata from the Urals and Siberia were polymorphic for both loci, and individuals from Belarus were polymorphic for one locus (PGI). In contrast, all D. ochroleuca individuals growing in sympatric populations with polymorphic D. incarnata were homozygous for the same alleles. Thus, comparison of the genetic structure of D. ochroleuca and D. incarnata points to the existence of a genetic isolation and a functioning isolation mechanism even under conditions of their joint growth. We found that the GDH locus in D. incarnata is polymorphic only in populations which grow together with D. ochroleuca, with exception a few examples. Thus, we conclude that variability of the GDH locus in D. incarnata is associated with hybridization with D. ochroleuca.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Aver’yanov, L.V., Synopsis of the genus Dactylorhiza Neck. ex Nevski (Orchidaceae), part 1, in Novosti sistematiki vysshyh rastenij (The News of Higher Plant Systematic), Leningrad: Nauka, 1988, vol. 25, pp. 48–67.
Filippov, E.G., Dactylorhiza ochroleuca (Wüst. ex Boll.) Holub in the Urals, Vestn. Tver. Gos. Univ., 2007, no. 8(36), pp. 177–179.
Hedrén, M. and Nordström, S., Polymorphic populations of Dactylorhiza incarnata s. l. (Orchidaceae) on the Baltic island of Gotland: morphology, habitat preference and genetic differentiation, Ann. Bot., 2009, vol. 104, pp. 527–542.
Pedersen, H.Æ., Apochromic population of Dactylorhiza incarnata s. l. (Orchidaceae): diversity and systematic significance as revealed by allozyme markers and morphology, Bot. J. Linn. Soc., 2009, vol. 159, pp. 396–407.
Kulikov, P.V. and Filippov, E.G., On the growth of some rare and new to the Urals species in the marshes of Mesyagutovo forest steppe, Byull. Gl. Bot. Sada, 1996, issue 173, pp. 74–79.
Kulikov, P.V., Konspekt Flory Chelyabinskoi oblasti (sosudistye rasteniya) (Synopsis of the Chelyabinsk Oblast Flora (Vascular Plants)), Yekaterinburg: Geotur, 2005.
Filippov, E.G., On the distribution of Dactylorhiza ochroleuca (Wüst. ex Boll.) Holub in Russia, in Problemy botaniki Yuzhnoi Sibiri i Mongolii (Problems of Botany of South Siberia and Mongolia) (Proc. 13th Int. Sci. Prakt. Conf.), Barnaul: Kolmogorov, 2014, pp. 228–229.
Krasnaya kniga Rossiiskoi Federatsii (rasteniya i griby) (The Red Book of the Russian Federation (Plants and Fungi)), Moscow: Ministerstvo Prirodnykh Resursov i Ekologii Rossiiskoi Federatsii, Rosprirodnadzor, 2008.
Vakhrameeva, M.G., Varlygina, T.I. and Tatarenko, I.V., Orkhidnye Rossii (biologiya, ekologiya i okhrana) (Orchids of Russia (Biology, Ecology, and Conservation)), Moscow: KMK, 2014.
Hedrén, M., Genetic differentiation, polyploidization and hybridization in Northern European Dactylorhiza (Orchidaceae), Plant Syst. Evol., 1996, vol. 201, pp. 31–55.
Pedersen, H.Æ., Allozyme variation and genetic integrity of Dactylorhiza incarnata (Orchidaceae), Nord. J. Bot., 1998, vol. 18, no. 1, pp. 15–21.
Efimov, P.G., Orkhidnye severo-zapada Evropeiskoi Rossii (Leningradskaya, Pskovskaya, Novgorodskaya oblasti) (Orchids of Northwestern European Russia (Leningrad, Pskov, and Novgorod Regions)), Moscow: KMK, 2012.
Dubovik, D.V., Skuratovich, A.N., and Tret’yakov, D.I., Some rare species of orchids (Orchidaceae Juss.) in the flora of Belarus, in Okhrana i kul’tivirovanie orkhidei (Conservation and Cultivation of Orchids) (Proc. 11th Int. Sci. Prakt. Conf.), St. Petersburg: KMK, 2011, pp. 153–158.
Shmeidt, O.M. and Yaagomyae, Y.A., Some interesting forms of orchids in Estonia, in Okhrana i kul’tivirovanie orkhidei (Conservation and Cultivation of Orchids), Andreev, L.N., Ed., Moscow: Nauka, 1987, pp. 18–19.
Shurkhal, A.V., Podogas, A.V., and Zhivotovsky, L.A., Allozyme differentiation in the genus Pinus, Silvae Genet., 1992, vol. 41, pp. 105–109.
Murphy, R.W., Sites, J.W., Buth, D.G., and Haufler, C.H., Proteins I: Isozyme Electrophoresis, Molecular Systematics, Hillis, D.M. and Moritz, C., Eds., Sunderland, Massachusetts: Sinauer Associates, 1990, pp. 45–126.
Peakall, R. and Smouse, P.E., GENALEX 6: genetic analysis in Excel: population genetic software for teaching and research, Mol. Ecol. Notes, 2006, vol. 6, pp. 288–295.
Nei, M., Tajima, F., and Tateno, Y., Accuracy of estimated phylogenetic trees from molecular data, J. Mol. Evol., 1983, vol. 19, pp. 133–170.
Nei, M. and Kumar, S., Molecular Evolution and Phylogenetics, New York: Oxford Univ. Press, 2000.
Liu, K. and Muse, S.V., Power Marker: integrated analysis environment for genetic marker data, Bioinformatics, 2005, vol. 21, no. 3, pp. 2128–2129.
Felsenstein, J., Phylogenies and quantitative characters, Annu. Rev. Ecol. Syst., 1988, vol. 19, pp. 445–471.
Tamura, K., Stecher, G., Peterson, D., et al., MEGA6: molecular evolutionary genetics analysis version 6.0, Mol. Biol. Evol., 2013, vol. 30, pp. 2725–2729. doi 10.1093/molbev/mst197
Vallius, E., Salonen, V., and Kull, T., Pollen flow and post-pollination barriers in two varieties of Dactylorhiza incarnata s. l. (Orchidaceae), Plant Syst. Evol., 2008, vol. 274, pp. 171–178. doi 10.1007/s00606-008-0045-8
Hedrick, P.W., Genetics of Populations, Boston: Jones and Bartlett, 2003.
Hedrén, M., Systematics of the Dactylorhiza euxina/incarnata/maculata polyploidy complex (Orchidaceae) in Turkey: evidence from allozyme data, Plant Syst. Evol., 2001, vol. 229, pp. 23–44.
Juillet, N., Dunand-Martin, S., and Gigord, L.D.B., Evidence for inbreeding depression in the food-deceptive colour-dimorphic orchid Dactylorhiza sambucina (L.) Soó, Plant Biol., 2007, vol. 9, pp. 147–151. doi 10.1055/s-2006-924310
Filippov, E.G. and Andronova, E.V., Genetic structure of populations and the natural hybridization of Dactylorhiza salina and D. incarnata (Orchidaceae), Russ. J. Genet., 2017, vol. 53, no. 3, pp. 310–323.
Kamelin, R.V., Lektsii po sistematike rastenii (Lectures on the Plant Taxonomy), Barnaul: Azbuka, 2004.
Rodionov, A.V., Polyploidy and interspecific hybridization in the evolution of flowering plants, Vavilovskii Zh. Genet. Sel., 2013, vol. 17, no. 4/2, pp. 916–929.
Kramina, T.E. and Shantser, I.A., Analysis of spontaneous hybridization of two diploid Lotus (Fabaceae) species in the Volgograd oblast, Bot. Zh., 2010, vol. 95, no. 6, pp. 820–833.
Shantser, I.A. and Voilokova, V.N., How many species related to Rosa majalis, grow in the European part of Russia, Bot. Zh., 2008, vol. 93, no. 11, pp. 1690–1704.
Kamelin, R.V., Speciation peculiarities in flowering plants, Trudy Zoologicheskogo instituta RAN (Proceedings of the Zoological Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences), St. Petersburg, 2009, suppl. 1, pp. 141–149.
Filippov, E.G. and Andronova, E.V., Genetic differentiation in plants of the genus Cypripedium from Russia inferred from allozyme data, Russ. J. Genet., 2011, vol. 47, no. 5, pp. 538–545.
Li Ching Chun, First Course in Population Genetics, Pacific Grove: Boxwood, 1976.
Markov, M.V., Populyatsionnaya biologiya rastenii (Population Biology of Plants), Moscow: KMK, 2012.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
Original Russian Text © E.G. Filippov, E.V. Andronova, V.M. Kazlova, 2017, published in Genetika, 2017, Vol. 53, No. 6, pp. 675–686.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Filippov, E.G., Andronova, E.V. & Kazlova, V.M. Genetic structure of the populations of Dactylorhiza ochroleuca and D. incarnata (Orchidaceae) in the area of their joint growth in Russia and Belarus. Russ J Genet 53, 661–671 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1134/S1022795417050039
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1134/S1022795417050039