Abstract
The data on mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) restriction polymorphism in Czech population (n = 279) are presented. It was demonstrated that in terms of their structure, mitochondrial gene pools of Czechs and other Slavic populations (Russians, Poles, Slovenians, and Bosnians) were practically indistinguishable. In Czechs, the frequency of eastern-Eurasian (Mongoloid) mtDNA lineages constituted 1.8%. The spread of eastern-Eurasian mtDNA lineages belonging to different ethnolinguistic groups in the populations of Europe was examined. Frequency variations of these DNA lineages in different Slavic groups was observed, with the range from 1.2 and 1.6% in Southern and Western Slavs, respectively, to 1.3 to 5.2% in Eastern Slavs, the Russian population of Eastern Europe. The highest frequency of Mongoloid component was detected in the mitochondrial gene pools of Russian populations from the Russian North and the Northwestern region of Russia. This finding can be explained in terms of assimilation of northern-European Finno-Ugric populations during the formation of the Russian population of these regions. The origin of Mongoloid component in the gene pools of different groups of Slavs is discussed.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Achilli, A., Rengo, C., Battaglia, V., et al., The Molecular Dissection of mtDNA Haplogroup H Confirms That the Franco-Cantabrian Glacial Refuge Was a Major Source for the European Gene Pool, Am. J. Hum. Genet., 2004, vol. 75, pp. 910–918.
Finnila, S., Lehtonen, M.S., and Majamaa, K., Phylogenetic Network for European mtDNA, Am. J. Hum. Genet., 2001, vol. 68, pp. 1475–1484.
Loogvali, E.-L., Roostalu, U., Malyarchuk, B.A., et al., Disuniting Uniformity: A Pied Cladistic Canvas of mtDNA Haplogroup H in Eurasia, Mol. Biol. Evol., 2004, vol. 21, pp. 2012–2021.
Macaulay, V., Richards, M., Hickey, E., et al., The Emerging Tree of West Eurasian mtDNAs: A Synthesis of Control-Region Sequences and RFLPs, Am. J. Hum. Genet., 1999, vol. 64, pp. 232–249.
Malyarchuk, B.A. and Derenko, M.V., Mitochondrial DNA Variability in Russians and Ukrainians: Implication to the Origin of the Eastern Slavs, Ann. Hum. Genet., 2001, vol. 65, pp. 63–78.
Richards, M.B., Macaulay, V.A., Bandelt, H.-J., and Sykes, B.C., Phylogeography of Mitochondrial DNA in Western Europe, Ann. Hum. Genet., 1998, vol. 62, pp. 241–260.
Richards, M.B., Macaulay, V.A., Hickey, E., et al., Tracing European Founder Lineages in the Near Eastern mtDNA Pool, Am. J. Hum. Genet., 2000, vol. 67, pp. 1251–1276.
Malyarchuk, B.A., Derenko, M.V., and Solovenchuk, L.L., Types of Mitochondrial DNA Control Region in the Eastern Slavs, Russ. J. Genet., 1995, vol. 31, no. 6, pp. 723–727.
Calafell, F., Underhill, P., Tolun, A., et al., From Asia to Europe: Mitochondrial DNA Sequence Variability in Bulgarians and Turks, Ann. Hum. Genet., 1996, vol. 60, pp. 35–49.
Orekhov, V., Poltoraus, A., Zhivotovsky, L.A., et al., Mitochondrial DNA Sequence Diversity in Russians, FEBS Lett., 1999, vol. 445, pp. 197–201.
Tolk, H.V., Perii, M., Bara, L., et al., mtDNA Haplo-groups in the Populations of Croatian Adriatic Islands, Coll. Anthropol., 2000, vol. 24, pp. 267–279.
Malyarchuk, B.A., Grzybowski, T., Derenko, M.V., et al., Mitochondrial DNA Variability in Poles and Russians, Ann. Hum. Genet., 2002, vol. 66, pp. 261–283.
Malyarchuk, B.A., Grzybowski, T., Derenko, M.V., et al., Mitochondrial DNA Variability in Bosnians and Slovenians, Ann. Hum. Genet., 2003, vol. 67, pp. 412–425.
Belyaeva, O., Bermisheva, M., Khrunin, A., et al., Mitochondrial DNA Variations in Russian and Belorussian Populations, Hum. Biol., 2003, vol. 75, pp. 647–660.
Cvjetan, S., Tolk, H.V., Barac Lauc L., et al., Frequencies of mtDNA Haplogroups in Southeastern Europe — Croatians, Bosnians and Herzegovinians, Serbians, Macedonians and Macedonian Romani, Coll. Anthropol., 2004, vol. 28, pp. 193–198.
Malyarchuk, B., Derenko, M., Grzybowski, T., et al., Differentiation of Mitochondrial DNA and Y Chromosome in Russian Populations, Hum. Biol., 2004, vol. 76, pp. 877–900.
Vanecek, T., Vorel, F., and Sip, M., Mitochondrial DNA D-Loop Hypervariable Regions: Czech Population Data, Int. J. Legal Med., 2004, vol. 118, pp. 14–18.
Zupanic Pajnic, I., Balazic, J., and Komel, R., Sequence Polymorphism of the Mitochondrial DNA Control Region in the Slovenian Population, Int. J. Legal Med., 2004, vol. 118, pp. 1–4.
Malyarchuk, B.A., Differentiation and Genetic Position of Slavs among Eurasian Ethnoses as Inferred from Variation in Mitochondrial DNA, Russ. J. Genet., 2001, vol. 37, no. 12, pp. 1437–1443.
Anderson, S., Bankier, A.T., Barrell, B.G., et al., Sequence and Organization of the Human Mitochondrial Genome, Nature, 1981, vol. 290, pp. 457–465.
Torroni, A., Huoponen, K., Francalacci, P., et al., Classification of European mtDNAs from an Analysis of Three European Populations, Genetics, 1996, vol. 144, pp. 1835–1850.
Finnilä S., Hassinen I.E., Ala-Kokko, L., and Majamaa, K., Phylogenetic Network of the mtDNA Haplogroup U in Northern Finland Based on Sequence Analysis of the Complete Coding Region by Conformation-Sensitive Gel Electrophoresis, Am. J. Hum. Genet., 2000, vol. 66, pp. 1017–1026.
Kong, Q.-P., Yao, Y.-G., Sun, C., et al., Phylogeny of East Asian Mitochondrial DNA Lineages Inferred from Complete Sequences, Am. J. Hum. Genet., 2003, vol. 73, pp. 671–676.
Torroni, A., Achilli, A., Macaulay, V., et al., Harvesting the Fruit of the Human mtDNA Tree, Trends Genet., 2006, vol. 22, pp. 339–345.
Salas, A., Richards, M., De la Fe, T., et al., The Making of the African mtDNA Landscape, Am. J. Hum. Genet., 2002, vol. 71, pp. 1082–1111.
Schneider, S., Roessli, D., and Excoffier, L., Arlequin Ver. 2.0: A Software for Population Genetics Data Analysis, Genetics and Biometry Laboratory, University of Geneva, 2000.
Bermisheva, M., Tambets, K., Villems, R., and Khusnutdinova, E., Diversity of Haplogroup Mitochondrial DNA among the Populations of Volga-Ural Region of Russia, Mol. Biol. (Moscow), 2002, vol. 36, pp. 990–1001.
Pliss, L., Tambets, K., Loogvali, E.-L., et al., Mitochondrial DNA Portrait of Latvians: Towards the Understanding of the Genetic Structure of Baltic-Speaking Populations, Ann. Hum. Genet., 2006, vol. 70, pp. 439–458.
Sajantila, A., Lahermo, P., Anttinen, T., et al., Genes and Languages in Europe: An Analysis of Mitochondrial Lineages, Genome Res., 1995, vol. 5, pp. 42–52.
Semino, O., Passarino, G., Quintana-Murci, L., et al., mtDNA and Y Chromosome Polymorphisms in Hungary: Inferences from the Paleolithic, Neolithic and Uralic Influences on the Modern Hungarian Gene Pool, Eur. J. Hum. Genet., 2000, vol. 8, pp. 339–346.
Tambets, K., Rootsi, S., Kivisild, T., et al., The Western and Eastern Roots of the Saami-the Story of Genetic “Outliers” Told by Mitochondrial DNA and Y-Chromosomes, Am. J. Hum. Genet., 2004, vol. 74, pp. 661–682.
Lunkina, A.V., Denisova, G.A., Derenko, M.V., and Malyarchuk, B.A., Mitochondrial DNA Variation in Two Russian Populations from Novgorod Oblast, Russ. J. Genet., 2004, vol. 40, no. 7, pp. 795–799.
Seibutis, A.A., The Problem of Balts and Slavs Ethnogeny from the Point of View of Paleogeography, Priroda, 1980, no. 11, pp. 78–85.
Sedov, V.V., Slavyane v rannem srednevekov’e (Slavs in the Early Middle Ages), Moscow: Arkheologicheskii Fond, 1995.
Alekseeva, T.I., Denisova, R.Ya., Kozlovskaya, M.V., et al., Neolit lesnoi polosy Vostochnoi Evropy (Antropologiya Sakhtyshskikh stoyanok) (Neolith of the Forest Zone of East Europe (Anthropology of Sakhtysh Sites)), Moscow: Nauchnyi Mir, 1997.
Gokhman, I.I., Naselenie Ukrainy v epokhu mezolita i neolita (Population of Ukrainians during Mezolith and Neolith), Moscow: Acad. NaukSSSR, 1966.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
Original Russian Text © B.A. Malyarchuk, M.A. Perkova, M.V. Derenko, 2008, published in Genetika, 2008, Vol. 44, No. 3, pp. 401–406.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Malyarchuk, B.A., Perkova, M.A. & Derenko, M.V. On the origin of Mongoloid component in the mitochondrial gene pool of Slavs. Russ J Genet 44, 344–349 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1134/S1022795408030162
Received:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1134/S1022795408030162