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Age and Adaptive Changes in Pro-/Antioxidant Metabolism Indicators and Respiration of the Winter-Green Herbaceous Plant Ajuga reptans L. Leaves in Natural Conditions of the Taiga Zone

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Abstract

Ontogenetic development and environmental conditions are the main factors determining the life activity of plants. The activity of antioxidant enzymes and respiratory pathways in the rosette leaves of the summer-winter-green herbaceous perennial Ajuga reptans L. (common bugle) was studied in connection with age and overwintering. The leaves formed in May–June overwintered and functioned again until a new generation of leaves appeared. The content of lipid peroxidation products and hydrogen peroxide in the leaves of overwintered plants was significantly higher than the content before overwintering. The activity of antioxidant enzymes changed in different directions. An increased level of activity of ascorbate peroxidase (APX) was noted immediately after plants emerged from the snow, the catalase (CAT) activity increased before and during overwintering, and the superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity increased before, during, and immediately after overwintering. Mn-SOD, Fe-SOD, and three Cu/Zn-SOD isoforms, two APX isoforms, and one CAT isoform were identified on native gels. The respiration rate, measured at 20°C, was maximum in young growing leaves and decreased by three to four times towards the end of the life cycle. The ratio of the cytochrome and alternative respiratory pathways capacity varied from three to one or lower. The coefficient of energy efficiency of respiration (YATP/glucose, the number of moles of ATP formed during the oxidation of 1 mole of glucose in respiration) varied from 17 to 25, decreasing during the overwintering period and at the final stages of ontogenesis. The results of principal component analysis indicate the relationship between the studied parameters and the involvement of regular changes in pro-/antioxidant metabolism and respiration in the process of adaptation of plants overwintering with green leaves. Taken together, the obtained data complement and deepen the understanding of the physiological mechanisms that contribute to overwintering and preservation of the photosynthetic apparatus.

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ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

We thank Dr. O.V. Dymova for assistance in sample selection and useful comments.

Funding

The work was carried out within the framework of the topic of State Budget Research, Development and Technological Work “Photosynthesis, Respiration, and Bioenergetics of Plants and Phototrophic Organisms (Physiological-Biochemical, Molecular-Genetic, and Ecological Aspects)” (reg. no. 122040600021-4).

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  1. Institute of Biology of Komi Science Centre of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Syktyvkar, Russia

    M. A. Shelyakin, E. V. Silina & T. K. Golovko

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  1. M. A. Shelyakin
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  2. E. V. Silina
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  3. T. K. Golovko
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Correspondence to M. A. Shelyakin.

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Translated by M. Shulskaya

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Abbreviations: AOX—alternative oxidase; AP—alternative respiratory pathway; PSA—photosynthetic apparatus; CP—cytochrome respiratory pathway; EER—energetic efficiency of respiration; APX—ascorbate peroxidase; CAT—catalase; SOD—superoxide dismutase; TBARS—thiobarbituric acid reactive substances.

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Shelyakin, M.A., Silina, E.V. & Golovko, T.K. Age and Adaptive Changes in Pro-/Antioxidant Metabolism Indicators and Respiration of the Winter-Green Herbaceous Plant Ajuga reptans L. Leaves in Natural Conditions of the Taiga Zone. Russ J Plant Physiol 71, 31 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1134/S1021443724604397

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