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Specificity of Growth and Accumulation of Flavonoids in Plants and Cell Cultures of Lychnis chalcedonica Obtained from Explants of Different Organs

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Abstract

Flavonoids have numerous functions in plants, one of which is growth regulation. During the study, callus cultures were obtained from different structural elements—root, hypocotyl, shoot base, and cotyledons—of 5- and 14-day-old Lychnis chalcedony plants (Lychnis chalcedonica L.); the growth rates of the corresponding callus tissues and their accumulation of flavonoids (Fl) were studied. The total Fl content in the leaves of different tiers of vegetative plants was determined spectrophotometrically. The HPLC method was used to analyze the content of three Fls: rutin (R), quercetin (QCT), and dihydroquercetin (DHQ) in the roots, leaves, and inflorescences of flowering plants cultivated on soddy-podzolic soil of the Tomsk oblast (Russia). The growth and total content of phenolic compounds and three Fls in callus and suspension cultures obtained from root explants of young Lychnis plants were studied. The growth characteristics and organ specificity in the accumulation of individual Fl were established. The dependence of the physiological state of leaves and cell cultures on the Fl content is shown. On day 14, the suspension culture (passage ten) obtained from root callus (passage 92) had similar R and DHQ contents to the original line of callus culture and a lower level of QCT. DHQ was predominantly present in the roots of flowering plants, while R was present in the inflorescences and upper leaves. A tendency for R to decrease in a number of organs has been established: inflorescence ≥ leaves > root. The QCT distribution shows an inverse R dependence. The content of DHQ in leaves was 1.9 times less (P < 0.05) than in the inflorescence. The level of this Fl in the roots was many times higher (P < 0.05) than in aboveground organs. Following an increase in the oxidative status of the mature leaf of vegetative Lychnis plants relative to the young leaf, the osmotic and antioxidant systems, including proline and the total level of Fl, were activated. At the same time, callus (passage six), obtained from younger tissues of the hypocotyl of 5-day-old seedlings, had trace amounts of the studied Fl, while callus formed from more mature tissues of the shoot base of 14-day-old seedlings was characterized by a higher level of different Fl. Based on the obtained data, it can be assumed that Fl is involved in the regulation of the growth of leaves and cell cultures due to their antioxidant or regulatory properties.

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ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

We are grateful to the Physicochemical Methods of Analysis Center of Tomsk Polytechnic University for assistance in the quantitative determination of flavonoids.

Funding

This work was supported by the Development Program of Tomsk State University (Priority 2030).

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  1. National Research Tomsk State University, Tomsk, Russia

    I. F. Golovatskaya, Yu. V. Medvedeva, M. K. Kadyrbaev & E. V. Boyko

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  1. I. F. Golovatskaya
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Correspondence to I. F. Golovatskaya.

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Abbreviations: SM—secondary metabolites; DHQ—dihydroquercetin; QCT—quercetin; Pro—proline; R—rutin; Fl—flavonoids; PC—phenolic compounds; CK—cytokinins.

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Golovatskaya, I.F., Medvedeva, Y.V., Kadyrbaev, M.K. et al. Specificity of Growth and Accumulation of Flavonoids in Plants and Cell Cultures of Lychnis chalcedonica Obtained from Explants of Different Organs. Russ J Plant Physiol 71, 24 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1134/S1021443724604208

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