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Macromolecular Toxins Secreted by Botrytis cinerea Induce Programmed Cell Death in Arabidopsis Leaves

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Abstract

Botrytis cinerea causes grey mold disease in crops and horticultural plants. It is suspected to kill plant cells via secreted toxins and to derive nutrients from dead or dying cells. However, whether macromolecular phytotoxins (MPs) secreted by B. cinerea induce necrosis or also trigger a programmed cell death (PCD) remains to be determined. We have previously partially characterized MPs secreted by B. cinerea. Here we isolated MPs from B. cinerea culture and applied them to leaf cells, assessing PCD over the following 120 h. Cell death was assessed by propidium iodide (PI) and 4′,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) staining. Catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POD) activity and the cytochrome c/a ratio were assessed by spectrophotometer. POD isomers were measured using the benzidine acetate method. In Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Heynh. exposed to B. cinerea MPs, we observed chromatin condensation and marginalization, nuclear substance leakage and accumulation of autofluorescent materials in the cell wall. Furthermore, B. cinerea MPs induced release of cytochrome c from the mitochondria into the cytosol. Moreover, CAT and POD activity was upregulated and the POD isoenzyme pattern was altered. In conclusion, A. thaliana exposed to B. cinerea MPs exhibits multiple hallmarks of PCD, suggesting that B. cinerea induces PCD in host cells through secreted macromolecules.

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Abbreviations

PCD:

programmed cell death

MPs:

macromolecular phytotoxins

PI:

propidium iodide

DAPI:

4′,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole

CAT:

catalase

POD:

peroxidase

HR:

hypersensitive response

PDA:

potato dextrose agar

Cyt c/a :

cytochrome c and a

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. College of Plant Protection, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Agricultural Biodiversity and Pest Management, Yunnan Agricultural University, Yunnan, Kunming, 650201, China

    D. Huo, J. Wu, Q. Kong & Y. Y. Wang

  2. College of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University, Kunming, 650214, China

    G. B. Zhang & H. Y. Yang

Authors
  1. D. Huo
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  2. J. Wu
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  3. Q. Kong
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  4. G. B. Zhang
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  5. Y. Y. Wang
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  6. H. Y. Yang
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Correspondence to Y. Y. Wang.

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Huo, D., Wu, J., Kong, Q. et al. Macromolecular Toxins Secreted by Botrytis cinerea Induce Programmed Cell Death in Arabidopsis Leaves. Russ J Plant Physiol 65, 579–587 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1134/S1021443718040131

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1134/S1021443718040131

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