Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Defense response of pine stem phloem to wounding and treatment with mycelial extracts from Ceratocystis laricicola

  • Research Papers
  • Published:
Russian Journal of Plant Physiology Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Ophiostomatoid fungi colonize the conducting tissues of conifer stems, the phloem and the xylem. These pathogenic fungi penetrate into the stem through injuries made by xylophagous insects vectoring these pathogens. In this study the response of the phloem of Scotch pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) to wounding (treatment 1) was compared with the response to wounding combined with application of high-molecular-weight compounds isolated from the mycelium of the ophiostomatoid fungus Ceratocystis laricicola Redfern & Minter (treatment 2). Both treatments induced the appearance of necrosis in the inner bark, the formation of periderm separating living and dead tissues, and formation of the callus alongside the wound perimeter. In addition, the bark accumulated lignin, bound proanthocyanidins, and resins, with a parallel decrease in the content of free proanthocyanidins, low-molecular-weight carbohydrates, and non-lignin components of the cell wall (P > 0.95). The size of necrotic spots, as well as changes in the content of most substances, were significantly higher in the treatment 2 than in the treatment 1 (P > 0.95). The accumulation of lignin in cell walls of phloem sieve cells was delayed in the treatment 2 as compared with that in the treatment 1. This suggested that the mycelial extract temporarily inhibited lignification at the early stage of the wound response. This disturbance of the cell wall protective transformation led to the hypothesis that the fungal suppressors retard the repair of inner bark injured by insects, thereby favoring the invasion of conifer tissues by ophiostomatoid fungi.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

Abbreviations

PA:

proanthocyanidins

References

  1. Seifert, K.A., Sapstain of Commercial Lumber by Species of Ophiostoma and Ceratocystis, Ceratocystis and Ophiostoma, Wingfild, M.J., Seifert, K.A., and Webber, J.F.St., Eds, St. Paul (Minnesota, USA): APS, 1999, pp. 141–152.

    Google Scholar 

  2. Kopper, B.J., Illman, B.L., Kersten, P.J., Klepzig, K.D., and Raffa, K.F., Effects of Diterpene Acids on Components of a Conifer Bark Beetle-Fungal Interaction: Tolerance by Ips pini and Sensitivity by Its Associate Ophiostoma ips, Environ. Entomol., 2005, vol. 34, pp. 486–493.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. Berryman, A.A., Towards a Unified Theory of Plant Defense, Mechanisms of Woody Plant Defenses against Insects, Mattson, W.J., Levieux, J., and Bernard-Dagan, C., Eds, Berlin: Springer-Verlag, 1988, pp. 39–57.

    Google Scholar 

  4. Six, D.L. and Wingfield, M.J., The Role of Phytopathogenicity in Bark Beetle-Fungus Symbioses: A Challenge to the Classic Paradigm, Annu. Rev. Entomol., 2011, vol. 56, pp. 255–272.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. Reid, R.W., Whitney, H.S., and Watson, J.A., Reactions of Lodgepole Pine to Attack by Dendroctonus ponderosae Hopkins and Blue Stain Fungi, Can. J. Bot., 1967, vol. 45, pp. 1115–1126.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  6. Solheim, H., Ecological Aspects of Fungi Associated with the Spruce Bark Beetle Ips typograahus in Norway, Ceratocystis and Ophiostoma, Wingfild, M.J., Seifert, K.A., and Webber, J.F., Eds, St. Paul (Minnesota, USA): APS, 1999, pp. 235–242.

    Google Scholar 

  7. Witzell, J. and Martin, J., Phenolic Metabolites in the Resistance of Northern Forest Trees to the Pathogens — Past Experiences and Future Prospects, Can. J. For. Res., 2008, vol. 38, pp. 2711–2727.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. Brignolas, F., Lieutier, F., Sauvard, D., Yart, A., Drouet, A., and Claudot, A.C., Changes in Soluble Phenolic Content of Norway Spruce (Picea abies Karst) Phloem in Response to Wounding and Inoculation with Ophiostoma polonicum, Eur. J. For. Pathhol., 1995, vol. 25, pp. 253–265.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. Chet, I., Shoresh, M., Yedida, I., and Viterbo, A., Mechanisms Involved in Biocontrol and Plant Induced Resistance by Trichoderma asperellum (T. harzianum T-203), J. Zhejiang Univ. (Agric. Life Sci.), 2004, vol. 30, pp. 385–390.

    Google Scholar 

  10. Vetrova, V.P., Matrenina, R.M., Polyakova, G.G., and Pashenova, N.V., Metabolites of Pathogenic Wood-Coloring Micromycets as Inducers of Conifers Defense Responses, Mikol. Fitopatol., 1995, vol. 29, no. 2, pp. 33–38.

    Google Scholar 

  11. Polyakova, G.G., Pashenova, N.V., Polyakov, V.I., and Zrazhevskaya, G.K., Induction of Conifer Immune Responses by Phytopathogenic Fungus Metabolites, Russ. J. Plant Physiol., 2008, vol. 55, pp. 552–559.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  12. Metlitskii, L.V., Ozeretskovskaya, O.L., Yurganova, L.A., Savel’eva, O.N., Chalova, L.I., and D’yakov, Yu.T., Phytophthora infestans (Mont.) De Bary Metabolites Induce Phytoalexins in Potato Tubers, Dokl. Akad. Nauk SSSR, 1976, vol. 226, pp. 1217–1220.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. Stafford, H.A. and Lester, H.H., Proanthocyanidins in Needles from Six Genera of the Taxodiaceae, Am. J. Bot., 1986, vol. 73, no. 11, pp. 1555–1563.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. Voznesenskii, V.L., Gorbacheva, G.I., Shtan’ko, G.P., and Filipova, L.A., Sugars Determination Using Decoloration of Feling Liquid, Sov. Plant Physiol., 1962, vol. 9, pp. 255–256.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. Venverloo, C.J., A Comparative Study of the Lignified Structures in Tissue Cultures and the Tissues of the Tree, Acta Bot. Neerl., 1969, vol. 18, pp. 241–314.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. Vance, C.P., Kirk, T.K., and Sherwood, R.T., Lignification as a Mechanism of Disease Resistance, Annu. Rev. Phytopathol., 1980, vol. 18, pp. 259–288.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. Shein, I.V., Polyakova, G.G., Zrazhevskaya, G.K., Pashenova, N.V., and Vetrova, V.P., Accumulation of Phenolic Compounds in Conifer Callus Cultures in Response to Wood Blue-Stain Fungi, Russ. J. Plant Physiol., 2001, vol. 48, pp. 216–221.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. Sudachkova, N.E., Metabolizm khvoinykh i formirovanie drevesiny (Metabolism of Conifers and Wood Development), Novosibirsk: Nauka, 1977.

    Google Scholar 

  19. Stafford, H.A., Proanthocyanidins and the Lignin Connection, Phytochemistry, 1988, vol. 27, pp. 1–6.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. Krekling, T., Franceschi, V.R., Krokene, P., and Solheim, H., Differential Anatomical Response of Norway Spruce Stem Tissues to Sterile and Fungus Infected Inoculations, Trees, 2004, vol. 18, pp. 1–9.

    Google Scholar 

  21. Polyakova, G.G., Vetrova, V.P., and Pashenova, N.V., Weakening of Physiological Mechanisms of Anti-Infectious Picea Protection under Flooding, Lesovedenie, 2000, no. 2, pp. 23–29.

  22. Zaprometov, M.N., Fenol’nye soedineniya i ikh rol’ v zhizni rasteniya (Phenolic Compounds and Their Role in Plant Life), Moscow: Nauka, 1996.

    Google Scholar 

  23. Franceschi, V.R., Krekling, T., Berryman, A.A., and Christiansen, E., Specialized Phloem Parenchyma Cells in Norway Spruce Bark Are a Primary Site of Defensive Reactions to Invading Organisms, Act. Skogforsk., 1995, no. 6, pp. 28–29.

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Sukachev Institute of Forest, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Akademgorodok, Krasnoyarsk, 660036, Russia

    G. G. Polyakova, V. V. Stasova & N. V. Pashenova

Authors
  1. G. G. Polyakova
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. V. V. Stasova
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. N. V. Pashenova
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to G. G. Polyakova.

Additional information

Original Russian Text © G.G. Polyakova, V.V. Stasova, N.V. Pashenova, 2011, published in Fiziologiya Rastenii, 2011, Vol. 58, No. 5, pp. 702–710.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Polyakova, G.G., Stasova, V.V. & Pashenova, N.V. Defense response of pine stem phloem to wounding and treatment with mycelial extracts from Ceratocystis laricicola . Russ J Plant Physiol 58, 819–827 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1134/S1021443711050177

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1134/S1021443711050177

Keywords

Search

Navigation