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The causes for barley root growth retardation in the presence of ammonium and glutamate

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Abstract

In barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) seedlings, the rate of root growth, osmotic pressure (Π), hydraulic conductance (L p), and longitudinal (δl) and transverse (δD/D) extensibility of root cells were measured. The seedlings were grown on Knop solution with nitrate or without nitrate with addition of 5–10 mM NH +4 or 0.5–1.0 mM glutamate. Root growth retardation on the 1st–4th days of exposure to NH +4 was determined by a decrease in δl in the zone of elongation, whereas root thickening was evidently related to an increase in Π. Biphasic dynamics of δl in the presence of NH +4 was imitated by medium acidification near the root surface to pH 3.7, which confirms a conclusion, we have done earlier, about a non-monotonous pH-dependence of longitudinal extensibility. Root growth retardation during the first day of exposure to Glu was also determined by a decrease in the δl, which was, however, accompanied by an increase in the δD/D and L p. Fast Glu-induced changes of measured root parameters were imitated by root exposure to oryzalin, ionomycin, and inhibitors of the H+-pump. It was supposed that a decrease in δl in the presence of NH +4 and Glu was related to cortical microtubule disorganization with the involvement of cytosolic calcium Ca 2+cyt . A decrease in the δD/D and L p in the presence of NH +4 was related to apoplast acidification and a high activity of the plasmalemmal H+-pump. An increase in the δD/D and L p in the presence of Glu indicates the inhibition of the plasmalemmal H+-pump. On the 2nd–4th days of exposure to Glu, root growth ceased, as distinct from treatment with NH +4 . This complete root growth inhibition by Glu was possibly related to a rapid uptake of Ca2+ through Glu-sensitive Ca2+-channels, Ca2+-dependent inhibition of the plasmalemmal H+-pump, and a decrease in mitotic activity.

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Abbreviations

cMT:

cortical microtubules

D :

root diameter

δD/D :

transverse root cell extensibility

DCCD:

dicyclohexyl-carbodiimide

DES:

diethylstilbestrol

δl :

longitudinal root cell extensibility

L p :

hydraulic conductance of rhizodermis cell membranes

MFc :

microfibrils of cellulose

Πin and Πout :

osmotic pressure within and outside the root

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Agrophysical Research Institute, Russian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Grazhdanskii pr. 14, St. Petersburg, 195220, Russia

    O. V. Skobeleva, I. N. Ktitorova & K. G. Agal’tsov

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  1. O. V. Skobeleva
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  2. I. N. Ktitorova
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  3. K. G. Agal’tsov
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Correspondence to O. V. Skobeleva.

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Original Russian Text © O.V. Skobeleva, I.N. Ktitorova, K.G. Agal’tsov, 2011, published in Fiziologiya Rastenii, 2011, Vol. 58, No. 2, pp. 252–261.

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Skobeleva, O.V., Ktitorova, I.N. & Agal’tsov, K.G. The causes for barley root growth retardation in the presence of ammonium and glutamate. Russ J Plant Physiol 58, 307–315 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1134/S1021443711010195

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