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Effect of Acid Dopants Toward Polyaniline Based Optical Sensor for Lead Detection

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Abstract

A novel polyaniline (PAni) coated optical fiber sensor with Mach-Zehnder interferometers (MZI) configuration was developed to overcome the pitfalls of conventional sensing methods such as atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS), and anodic stripping voltammetry (ASV) in Pb detection. PAni with different Ani to AOT mixture ratios (5 : 3, 5 : 5, and 5 : 7) and different types of acid dopants (HCl, H2SO4 and H3PO4) were synthesized using chemical oxidation reaction. The emeraldine-salt form of PAnis was confirmed by FTIR and UV–Vis spectra. All the produced PAnis showed electrical conductivity from 4.5 × 10–3 to 4.2 × 10–1 S/cm. Among all PAnis, PAni-HCl possessed the highest electrical conductivity (4.2 × 10–1 S/cm) due to the low pH of HCl which provided more mobile carbocation. For sensor application, PAni-H2SO4 coated optical fiber sensor showed the best performance with the highest sensitivity of 0.0927 nm/ppm, fast response time of 11 s and limit of detection (LOD) of 30 ppm. The performance of this PAni-coated optical sensor is better than conventional methods with longer response time of 3 min and LOD of 5 ppm in Pb detection. This is due to the two steps dissociations of H2SO4 which can protonate larger amount of amine and imine groups along the PAni backbone to yield more active sites, which leads to the improvement in Pb detections. It is postulated that the mechanism of Pb detection is based on a bonding interaction that occurs between the Pb2+ cation and the double bond of N from the imine groups of PAni. Supporting data from FTIR, UV–Vis and electrical conductivity studies have confirmed the chemical interaction between PAni and Pb.

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Funding

The authors would like to show gratitude for the financial support of this research by Tunku Abdul Rahman University College and the optical sensors were supplied by Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Physical Science, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Tunku Abdul Rahman University College, Jalan Genting Kelang, Setapak, 53300, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

    Jing-Yi Ong & Sook-Wai Phang

  2. Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Lee Kong Chian Faculty of Engineering and Science, University Tunku Abdul Rahman, Jalan Sungai Long, Bandar Sungai Long, 43000, Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia

    Zi-Jian Law & Chang-Hong Pua

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  1. Jing-Yi Ong
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  2. Zi-Jian Law
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  3. Chang-Hong Pua
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  4. Sook-Wai Phang
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Correspondence to Sook-Wai Phang.

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Jing-Yi Ong, Law, ZJ., Pua, CH. et al. Effect of Acid Dopants Toward Polyaniline Based Optical Sensor for Lead Detection. Polym. Sci. Ser. A 63, 485–492 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1134/S0965545X21050102

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1134/S0965545X21050102

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