Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Stage boundaries of the Triassic in Northeast Asia

  • Published:
Stratigraphy and Geological Correlation Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

The International Union of Geological Science approved the stage boundaries suggested by the international working groups for the Tethyan Triassic. In this work we estimate the possibility of their establishment and correlation in the Boreal sections of Northeast Asia, based on the analyzed distribution of ammonoids and conodonts. As the conodonts of the Induan Stage have not been identified for sure in the region under study, the lower boundary of the Triassic System is defined here at the base of the Otoceras concavum Zone of the ammonoid scale. In addition to the ammonoids Hedenstroemia hedenstroemi (Keyserling), the first occurrence of the conodonts Pseudogondolella nepalensis (Kozur et Mostler) is suggested to be the biomarker of the Olenekian Stage base. The lower boundaries of the Anisian and Ladinian stages, defined respectively at the basal levels of the Paracrochordiceras-Japonites Beds in Northern Dobrogea and the Eoprotrachyceras curionii Zone in the Brescian Prealps are recognizable, though with some reservations, at the base of the Grambergia taimyrensis and Eonathorstites oleshkoi zones in Northeast Asia. According to the priority principle and similarity between the ammonoid faunas of the Daxatina cf. canadensis Subzone and Frankites regoledanus Zone, the lower boundary of the Carnian Stage is defined at the base of the Alpine Trachyceras aon Zone. In Northeast Asia, this boundary is established at the base of the “Protrachyceras” omkutchanicum Zone, as we take into account the fact that the Daxatina and Stolleyites ammonoid genera occur in sections of British Columbia below the stratigraphic level of the Trachyceras forms. The lower boundary of the Norian Stage is concurrent with the base of the Guembelites jandianus Zone in the Alps and equivalent Stikinoceras kerri Zone in North America and Striatosirenites kinasovi Zone in Northeast Asia. The conodont species Norigondolella navicula (Huckriede) that is most important for the Boreal-Tethyan correlation cannot be used as a biomarker of the Norian lower boundary because of its problematic diagnosis and rare occurrence in the Boreal sections. The Rhaetian Stage base is defined at the appearance level of the Misikella conodont genus in the Hallstatt region, Austria, that is simultaneously the disappearance level of the characteristic Norian bivalves (Monotis) and ammonoids (Metasibirites). In Northeast Asia, this boundary is established at the top of the Monotis ochotica Zone. The correlation between the biostratigraphic units of the Middle-Upper Triassic conodont scale established in Northeast Asia and standard ammonoid zonation is verified.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. M. Balini and J. F. Jenks, “The Trachyceratidae from South Canyon (Central Nevada): Record, Taxonomic Problems and Stratigraphic Significance for the Definition of the Ladinian-Carnian boundary,” Bull. New Mexico Museum Nat. History Sci. 41, pp. 14–22 (2007).

    Google Scholar 

  2. M. Balini, J. F. Jenks, C. A. McRoberts, and M. J. Orchard, “The Ladinian-Carnian Boundary Succession at South Canyon (New Pass Range, Central Nevada),” Bull. New Mexico Museum Nat. History Sci. 40, pp. 127–138 (2007).

    Google Scholar 

  3. T. W. Beatty, C. M. Henderson, M. J. Orchard, and B. Beauchamp, “Early Triassic (Induan) Conodont Biostratigraphy of the Sverdrup Basin, Canadian Arctic,” in Boreal Triassic 2006, Abstracts and Proceeding of the Geological Society of Norway, No. 3, p. 41 (2006).

  4. P. Brack, H. Rieber, A. Nicora, and R. Mundil, “The Global Boundary Stratotype Section and Point (GSSP) of the Ladinian Stage (Middle Triassic) at Bagolino (Southern Alps, Northern Italy) and Its Implications for the Triassic Time Scale,” Episodes 28(4), pp. 233–244 (2005).

    Google Scholar 

  5. N. Yu. Bragin, Radiolarians and Lower Mesozoic Sequences of the Eastern USSR (Nauka, Moscow, 1991) [in Russian].

    Google Scholar 

  6. C. Broglio Loriga, S. Cirilli, V. De Zanche, et al., “The Prati di Stuores/Stuores Wiesen section (Dolomites, Italy): A Candidate Global Stratotype Section and Point for the Base of the Carnian Stage,” Riv. Ital. Paleontol. Stratigr. 105(1), pp. 37–78 (1999).

    Google Scholar 

  7. G. I. Buryi, Conodonts and Stratigraphy of the Triassic in Sikhote-Alin (GIN DVO AN SSSR, Vladivostok, 1989) [in Russian].

    Google Scholar 

  8. Yu. M. Bytschkov, “Zonal Subdivision of the Triassic in the Northeastern USSR with Definition of Stage and Substage Boundaries,” in Basic Problems of Biostratigraphy and Paleogeography in the Northeastern USSR (Pt. 2. Mesozoic) (SVKNII, Magadan, 1974), pp. 19–53 [in Russian].

    Google Scholar 

  9. A. A. Dagys, Early Triassic Conodonts from the North of Central Siberia (Nauka, Moscow, 1984) [in Russian].

    Google Scholar 

  10. A. A. Dagys, “New Assemblage of Early Triassic Conodonts from the North of Central Siberia,” in Stratigraphy, Fauna and Flora of the Triassic in Siberia (Nauka, Moscow, 1984) [in Russian].

    Google Scholar 

  11. A. A. Dagys and M. V. Korchinskaya, “Conodonts First Found in the Otoceras Beds of Svalbard,” in Boreal Triassic (Nauka, Moscow, 1987), pp. 110–113 [in Russian].

    Google Scholar 

  12. A. A. Dagys and M. V. Korchinskaya, “Triassic Conodonts of Svalbard,” in Upper Paleozoic and Triassic of Siberia (Nauka, Novosibirsk, 1989), pp. 109–121 [in Russian].

    Google Scholar 

  13. A. S. Dagys, “An Alternative Interpretation of the Rhaetian Stage,” Albertiana 7, pp. 6–8 (1988).

    Google Scholar 

  14. A. S. Dagys, “Zonal Scheme of Boreal Lower Triassic and the Induan/Olenekian Boundary,” Tikhookean. Geol 16(4), 36–40 (1997).

    Google Scholar 

  15. A. S. Dagys, “Earliest Boreal Anisian Czekanowskitidae (Ammonoidea),” Mitt. Geol-Pálaontol. Inst. Univ. Hamburg 81, pp. 121–142 (1998).

    Google Scholar 

  16. A. S. Dagys, “The ammonoid family Arctohungaritidae from the Boreal Lower-Middle Anisian (Triassic) of Arctic Asia,” Rev. Paleobiol. Genéve 20(2), pp. 543–641 (2001).

    Google Scholar 

  17. A. S. Dagys and A. A. Dagys, “Biostratigraphy of Oldest Triassic Deposits and Paleozoic/Mesozoic Boundary,” Geol. Geofiz., No. 1, 19–29 (1987).

  18. A. S. Dagys and A. A. Dagys, “High-Resolution Biostratigraphy of the Olenekian Stage in North Siberia Substantiated by Ammonoids and Conodonts,” in Stage and Zonal Scales of the Boreal Mesozoic in the USSR (Nauka, Moscow, 1989), pp. 38–44 [in Russian].

    Google Scholar 

  19. A. S. Dagys and A. A. Dagys, “In Defense of the Rhaetian Stage,” Geol. Geofiz., No. 5, 35–44 (1990).

  20. A. S. Dagys and S. P. Ermakova, Early Olenekian Ammonoids of Siberia (Nauka, Moscow, 1990) [in Russian].

    Google Scholar 

  21. A. S. Dagys and S. P. Ermakova, “A Detailed Biostratigraphic Scheme of the Boreal Lower Triassic,” Stratigr. Geol. Korrelyatsiya 1(2), 26–36 (1993) [Stratigr. Geol. Correlation 1 (2), 154–164 (1993)].

    Google Scholar 

  22. A. Dagys and S. Ermakova, “Induan (Triassic) Ammonoids from North-Eastern Asia,” Rev. Paleobiol. Genéve 15(2), pp. 401–447 (1996).

    Google Scholar 

  23. A. S. Dagys and A. M. Kazakov, Stratigraphy, Lithology and Cyclicity of Triassic Deposits on the North of Central Siberia (Nauka, Novosibirsk, 1984) [in Russian].

    Google Scholar 

  24. A. S. Dagys and A. G. Konstantinov, “Infrazonal Scheme of the Upper Anisian, North Siberia,” in Mesozoic Biostratigraphy of Siberia and the Far East (Nauka, Novosibirsk, 1986), pp. 48–57 [in Russian].

    Google Scholar 

  25. A. S. Dagys and A. G. Konstantinov, “Correlation of the Boreal Upper Anisian,” Geol. Geofiz., No. 8, 3–8 (1990).

  26. A. S. Dagys and A. G. Konstantinov, “A New Zonal Scheme of Boreal Ladinian,” Albertiana 10, pp. 17–21 (1992).

    Google Scholar 

  27. A. S. Dagys and A. G. Konstantinov, “A New Zonal Scheme of the Ladinian Stage for Northeast Asia,” Stratigr. Geol. Korrelyatsiya 3(3), 121–127 (1995) [Stratigr. Geol. Correlation 3 (3), 314–320].

    Google Scholar 

  28. A. S. Dagys and E. S. Sobolev, “Parastratotype of the Olenekian Stage (Lower Triassic),” Albertiana 16, pp. 8–16 (1995).

    Google Scholar 

  29. A. S. Dagys and E. T. Tozer, “Correlation of the Triassic in Northern Canada and Siberia,” Geol. Geofiz., No. 6, 3–10 (1989).

  30. A. S. Dagys, Yu. V. Arkhipov, and Yu. M. Bytschkov, Stratigraphy of the Triassic System in Northeast Asia (Nauka, Moscow, 1979) [in Russian].

    Google Scholar 

  31. A. S. Dagys, A. A. Dagys, and S. P. Ermakova, “Biostratigraphy of the Lower Olenekian in Siberia,” in Upper Paleozoic and Triassic of Siberia (Nauka, Novosibirsk, 1989), pp. 39–49 [in Russian].

    Google Scholar 

  32. A. S. Dagys, A. A. Dagys, A. M. Kazakov, et al., “Biostratigraphy of the Lower Induan in Eastern Verkhoyanie,” in Mesozoic Biostratigraphy in Siberia and the Far Easy (Nauka, Novosibirsk, 1986), pp. 21–31 [in Russian].

    Google Scholar 

  33. A. Dagys, W. Weitschat, A. Konstantinov, and E. Sobolev, “Evolution of the Boreal Marine Biota and Biostratigraphy at the Middle/Upper Triassic Boundary,” Mitt. Geol.-Pálaontol. Inst. Univ. Hamburg 75, pp. 193–209 (1993).

    Google Scholar 

  34. A. Yu. Egorov, Yu. A. Bogomolov, A. G. Konstantinov, and N. I. Kurushin, “Stratigraphy of Triassic Deposits in the Kotel’nyi Island (New Siberian Islands),” in Boreal Triassic (Nauka, Moscow, 1987), pp. 66–80 [in Russian].

    Google Scholar 

  35. S. P. Ermakova, Zonal Standard of the Boreal Lower Triassic (Nauka, Moscow, 2002) [in Russian].

    Google Scholar 

  36. General Scale of Triassic System in the USSR (VSEGEI, Leningrad, 1984), [in Russian].

  37. E. Gradinaru and E. S. Sobolev, “Ammonoid and Nautiloid Biostratigraphy around the Olenekian-Anisian Boundary in the Tethyan Triassic of North Dobrogea (Romania): Correlation with the Boreal Triassic,” in Boreal Triassic 2006, Abstracts and Proceeding of the Geological Society of Norway, 2006, Pt. 3, pp. 56–58.

  38. E. Gradinaru, H. W. Kozur, A. Nicora, and M. Orchard, “The Chiosella timorensis Lineage and Correlation of the Ammonoids and Conodonts around the Base of the Anisian in the GSSP Candidate at Desli Caira (North Dobrogea, Romania),” Albertiana 34, pp. 34–38 (2006).

    Google Scholar 

  39. E. Gradinaru, M. J. Orchard, A. Nicora, et al., “Conodont Succession across the Olenekian-Anisian Boundary at Desli-Caira, Romania,” in I.U.G.S. Subcommission on Triassic Stratigraphy, STS/IGCP 467, Field Meeting, Hungary, September 5–8, 2002, pp. 11–13.

  40. E. Gradinaru, M. J. Orchard, A. Nicora, et al., “The Global Boundary Stratotype Section and Point (GSSP) for the base of the Anisian Stage: Desli Caira Hill, North Dobrogea, Romania,” Albertiana 36, pp. 44–61 (2007).

    Google Scholar 

  41. C. L. Griesbach, “Palaeontological Notes on the Lower Trias of the Himalayas,” Rec. Geol. Surv. India 13, Pt. 2, pp. 83–113 (1880).

    Google Scholar 

  42. C. W. Gümbel, “Über die Gleichstellung der Gesteinsmassen in den nordlichen Alpen mit ausseralpinen Flötzschichten,” Verh. Gesellsch. Deutsch. Naturf. Arzte 34, pp. 80–88 (1859).

    Google Scholar 

  43. H. Igo and T. Koike, “Conodont Biostratigraphy of Cherts in the Japanese Islands,” Reprinted from Siliceous Deposits in the Pacific Region, Ed. by A. Iijima, J. Hein, and R. Siever (Elsevier, Amsterdam, 1983), pp. 83–113.

    Google Scholar 

  44. V. Isozaki and T. Matsuda, “Middle and Late Triassic Conodonts from Bedded Chert Sequences in the Mino-Tamba Belt, Southwest Japan, Part 2: Misikella and Parvigondolella,” J. Geosci. Osaka Univ. 26(3), pp. 65–86 (1983).

    Google Scholar 

  45. Y. Jin, Sh. Shen, Z. Zhu, et al., “The Selong Section, Candidate of the Global Stratotype Section and Point of the Permian-Triassic Boundary,” in Paleozoic-Mesozoic Boundary: Candidates of the Global Stratotype Section and Point of the Permian-Triassic Boundary (China Univ. Geosci., Wuhan, 1996), pp. 127–137.

    Google Scholar 

  46. F. N. Johnston, “Trias at New Pass, Nevada (New Lower Karnic Ammonoids),” J. Paleontol. 15(5), pp. 447–491 (1941).

    Google Scholar 

  47. H. M. Kapoor, “The Guryul Ravine Section, Candidate of the Global Stratotype Section and Point of the Permo-Triassic Boundary,” Palaeozoic-Mesozoic Boundary: Candidates of the Global Stratotype Section and Point of the Permian-Triassic Boundary (China Univ. Geosci., Wuhan, 1996), pp. 99–110.

    Google Scholar 

  48. A. M. Kazakov, A. G. Konstantinov, N. I. Kurushin, et al., Stratigraphy of Petroliferous Basins in Siberia, Triassic System (GEO, Novosibirsk, 2002) [in Russian].

    Google Scholar 

  49. L. D. Kiparisova and Yu. N. Popov, “Project of Subdividing the Lower Triassic into Stages,” in Stratigraphy of Upper Paleozoic and Mesozoic in Southern Biogeographic Provinces (Nedra, Moscow, 1964), pp. 91–99 [in Russian].

    Google Scholar 

  50. L. D. Kiparisova and Yu. N. Popov, “Subdivision of the Lower Triassic into Stages,” Dokl. Akad. Nauk SSSR 109(4), 842–845 (1956).

    Google Scholar 

  51. L. D. Kiparisova, Yu. M. Bytschkov, and I. V. Polubotko, Late Triassic Bivalves from the Northeastern USSR (Magadan, 1966) [in Russian].

  52. T. V. Klets, Triassic Biostratigraphy and Conodonts from the Central Sikhote-Alin (NGU, Novosibirsk, 1995) [in Russian].

    Google Scholar 

  53. T. V. Klets, “New Conodont Species from Lower Triassic of the Kolyma River Basin,” Geol. Geofiz. Supplementary Vol. 39(1), 113–121 (1998).

    Google Scholar 

  54. T. V. Klets, “Upper Triassic Conodonts of Northeast Asia (Composition, Biostratigraphy, Correlation),” in Proceedings of Regional Conference of Geologists from Siberia, the Far East and Northeast Russia, Vol. 2 (GalaPress, Tomsk, 2000), pp. 328–331 [in Russian].

    Google Scholar 

  55. T. V. Klets and A. V. Kopylova, “New Triassic Conodontophorids Found in Northeast Asia,” App. to Geol. Geofiz. 39(1), pp. 113–121 (2006).

    Google Scholar 

  56. T. V. Klets, A. V. Yadrenkin, and A. V. Kopylova, “Conodonts and Biostratigraphy if the Middle-Upper Triassic in Boreal Regions of Siberia,” Vestn. TGU. Ser. Geol., No. 3/II, 101–103 (2003).

  57. A. G. Konstantinov, Biostratigraphy and Ammonoids of the Upper Anisian in North Siberia (Nauka, Novosibirsk, 1991) [in Russian].

    Google Scholar 

  58. A. G. Konstantinov, “Correlated Ammonoid Zonations in Ladinian Deposits of the Boreal Realm,” Stratigr. Geol. Korrelyatsiya 8(4), 40–48 (2000) [Stratigr. Geol. Correlation 8 (4), 353–361 (2000)].

    Google Scholar 

  59. A. G. Konstantinov and E. S. Sobolev, “Biostratigraphic Scheme of the Carnian and Lower Norian in Northeast Russia, Pt. 1: Description of Sections and Stratigraphic Distribution of Cephalopods,” Tikhookean. Geol 18(1), 3–17 (1999a).

    Google Scholar 

  60. A. G. Konstantinov and E. S. Sobolev, “Biostratigraphic Scheme of the Carnian and Lower Norian in Northeast Russia, Pt. 2: new Zonal Scale and Correlation,” Tikhookean. Geol 18(4), 48–60 (1999b).

    Google Scholar 

  61. A. G. Konstantinov, “Debatable Questions of the Boreal Triassic Stratigraphy: Boundary between Middle and Upper Series,” Geol. Geofiz. 49(1), 85–94 (2008).

    Google Scholar 

  62. A. G. Konstantinov, E. S. Sobolev, and T. V. Klets, “New Data on Fauna and Biostratigraphy of Norian Deposits in the Kotel’nyi Island (New Siberian Islands),” Stratigr. Geol. Korrelyatsiya 11(3), 27–39 (2003) [Stratigr. Geol. Correlation 11 (3), 231–243 (2003)].

    Google Scholar 

  63. A. G. Konstantinov, E. S. Sobolev, N. I. Kurushin, et al., “Zonal Subdivision of Triassic Deposits in the Omulevskoe Uplift (Kolyma River Basin),” Geol. Geofiz. 38(10), 1653–1669 (1997).

    Google Scholar 

  64. A. V. Kopylova and T. V. Klets, “Conodont Biostratigraphy of Lower Triassic in North Siberia,” Vestn. TGU, Ser. Geol., No. 3/II, 108–110 (2003).

  65. M. V. Korchinskaya, “To Problem of the Ladinian Stage Biostratigraphy in Svalbard,” in Paleozoic and Mesozoic Stratigraphy and Fauna of Arctic Regions (VNIIOkeangeologiya, St. Petersburg, 2000), pp. 73–84 [in Russian].

    Google Scholar 

  66. H. Kozur, “Revision der Conodontenzonierung der Mittel- und Obertrias des tethyalen Faunenreichs,” Geol. Palaontol. Mitt. Innsbruck 10, pp. 79–172 (1980).

    Google Scholar 

  67. H. W. Kozur, “Integrated Ammonoid, Conodont and Radiolarian Zonation of the Triassic,” Hallesches Jahrb. Geowiss. 25, pp. 49–79 (2003).

    Google Scholar 

  68. H. Kozur and R. Mock, “Misikella posthernsteini n. sp., die jungste Conodontenart des tethyalen Trias,” Casopis Mineral. Geol. Roc. 19(3), pp. 245–250 (1974).

    Google Scholar 

  69. L. Krystyn, “Zur Ammoniten- und Conodonten-Stratigraphie der Hallstätter Obertrias (Salzkammergut, Österreich),” Verh. Geol. Bundesanstalt. 1, pp. 113–153 (1973).

    Google Scholar 

  70. L. Krystyn, “Eine neue Zonengliederung im alpin-mediterranen Unterkarn,” Schriftenr. Erdwiss. Komm. Österr. Akad. Wiss. 1, pp. 113–153 (1978).

    Google Scholar 

  71. L. Krystyn, “Stratigraphy of the Hallstatt Region,” Abh. Geol. Bundesanstalt. 35, pp. 69–98 (1980).

    Google Scholar 

  72. L. Krystyn, “Zur Rhat-Stratigraphie in der Zlambach-Schichten (vorlaufiger Bericht),” Sitzungsber. Österr. Akad. Wiss., math.-naturwiss. Kl. 1. 196, pp. 21–36 (1987).

    Google Scholar 

  73. L. Krystyn, “A Revised Lower Triassic Intercalibrated Ammonoid-Conodont Time Scale of the Eastern Tethys Realm Based on Himalayan Data,” Albertiana 33(1), pp. 53–54 (2005).

    Google Scholar 

  74. L. Krystyn and M.J. Orchard, “Lowermost Triassic Ammonoid and Conodont Biostratigraphy of Spiti, India,” Albertiana 17, pp. 10–21 (1996).

    Google Scholar 

  75. L. Krystyn and W. Schöllnberger, “Die Hallstätter Trias des Salzkammergutes,” Exk.-Fuhrer Tagung Palaontol. Ges. Wien, 61–106 (1972).

  76. L. Krystyn, M. Balini, and A. Nicora, “Lower and Middle Triassic Stage and Substage Boundaries in Spiti,” Albertiana 30, 40–53 (2004).

    Google Scholar 

  77. L. Krystyn, O. N. Bhargava, and D.K. Bhatt, “Muth (Spiti, Indian) — A Candidate Global Stratigraphic Section and Point (GSSP) for the Base of the Olenekian Stage,” Albertiana 33(I), 51–53 (2005).

    Google Scholar 

  78. L. Krystyn, G. Schäffer, and W. Schlager, “Der Stratotypus des Nor,” Magy. állami földt. intéz. évi elent, 54(2), 607–629 (1971).

    Google Scholar 

  79. L. Krystyn, H. Bouquerel, W. Kuerschner, et al., “Proposal for a Candidate GSSP for the Base of the Rhaetian stage,” Bull. New Mexico Museum Nat. History Sci. 41, pp. 189–199 (2007).

    Google Scholar 

  80. P. Mietto and S. Manfrin, “A High Resolution Middle Triassic Ammonoid Standard Scale in the Tethys Realm. A preliminary report,” Bull. Soc. Geol. France 166,(5), pp. 539–563 (1995).

    Google Scholar 

  81. P. Mietto, N. Buratti, S. Cirilli, et al., “New Constraints for the Ladinian-Carnian Boundary in the Southern Alps: Suggestions for Global Correlations,” Bull. New Mexico Museum Nat. History Sci. 41, pp. 275–281 (2007).

    Google Scholar 

  82. E. Mojsisovics, “Über die Gliederung der oberen Triasbildungen der Östlichen Alpen,” Jahrb. Geol. Reichsanstalt. Wien 19, pp. 91–150 (1869).

    Google Scholar 

  83. E. Mojsisovics, “Die Cephalopoden der mediterranen Triasprovinz,” Abh. Geol. Reichsanstalt Wien 10, pp. 1–322 (1882).

    Google Scholar 

  84. E. Mojsisovics, W. Waagen, and C. Diener, “Entwurf einer Gliederung der pelagischen Sedimente des Trias-Systems,” Sitzungsberichte Akad. Wiss. Wien. Math.- naturwiss. Kl. 104(1), pp. 1–32 (1895).

    Google Scholar 

  85. K. Nakazawa, “Stratigraphy of the Permian-Triassic Transition and the Paleozoic-Mesozoic boundary,” Bull. Geol. Surv. Japan 44(7), pp. 425–445 (1993).

    Google Scholar 

  86. K. Nakazawa, H. M., Kapoor Ishii, et al., “The Upper Permian and the Lower Triassic in Kashmir, India,” Mem. Fac. Sci. Kyoto Univ., Ser. Geol. Miner. 42(1), pp. 1–106 (1975).

    Google Scholar 

  87. Y. Nogami, “Trias-Conodonten von Timor, Malaysien und Japan (Palaeontological Study of Portuguese Timor, 5),” Mem. Fac. Sci. Kyoto Univ., Ser. Geol. Miner. 34(2), pp. 115–136 (1968).

    Google Scholar 

  88. M. J. Orchard, “Late Triassic Conodont Biochronology and Biostratigraphy of the Kunga Group, Queen Charlotte Islands, British Columbia,” Pap. Geol. Survey Canada, No. 90-10, pp. 173–193 (1991a).

  89. M. J. Orchard, “Upper Triassic conodont Biochronology and New Index Species from the Canadian Cordillera,” Bull. Geol. Survey Canada. 417, 299–335 (1991b).

    Google Scholar 

  90. M. J. Orchard, “A New Conodont Zonation for the Carnian-Norian Boundary at Black Bear Ridge, NE British Columbia,” Albertiana 31, pp. 17–18 (2004).

    Google Scholar 

  91. M. J. Orchard, “Lower Triassic Conodont-Ammonoid Intercalibration in the Canadian Arctic and Comparisons with the Western Canada Sedimentary Basin and the Great Basin of Western USA,” in Boreal Triassic 2006, Abstracts and Proceeding of the Geological Society of Norway, No. 3, pp. 122–123 (2006).

  92. M. J. Orchard, “New Conodonts and Zonation, Ladinian-Carnian Boundary Beds, British Columbia, Canada,” Bull. New Mexico Museum Nat. History Sci. 41, pp. 321–330 (2007).

    Google Scholar 

  93. M. J. Orchard and L. Krystyn, “Conodonts of Lowermost Triassic of Spiti: A New Zonation Based on Neogondolella Successions,” Riv. Ital. Paleontol. Stratigr. 104, pp. 341–368 (1998).

    Google Scholar 

  94. M. J. Orchard and E.T. Tozer, “Triassic Conodont Biochronology, Its Calibration with the Ammonoid Standard, and a Biostratigraphic Summary for the Western Canada Sedimentary Basin,” Bull. Can. Petrol. Geol. 45(4), pp. 675–692 (1997).

    Google Scholar 

  95. M. J. Orchard, E. Gradinaru, and A. Nicora, “A Summary of the Conodont Succession around the Olenekian-Anisian boundary at Desli Caira, North Dobrogea, Romania,” Bull. New Mexico Museum Nat. History Sci. 41, pp. 341–346 (2007).

    Google Scholar 

  96. A. A. Shevyrev, Triassic Ammonoids (Nauka, Moscow, 1986) [in Russian].

    Google Scholar 

  97. A. A. Shevyrev, Ammonoids and Triassic Chronostratigraphy (Nauka, Moscow, 1990) [in Russian].

    Google Scholar 

  98. A. A. Shevyrev, “Triassic Biochronology: State of the Art and Basic Problems,” Stratigr. Geol. Korrelyatsiya 14(6), 54–67 (2006) [Stratigr. Geol. Correlation 14 (6), (2006)].

    Google Scholar 

  99. N. J. Silberling and K. M. Nichols, “Middle Triassic Molluscan Fossils of Biostratigraphic Significance from the Humboldt Range, Northwestern Nevada,” U.S. Geol. Surv. Prof. Pap., No. 1207, pp. 1–77 (1982).

  100. N. J. Silberling and E. T. Tozer, “Biostratigraphic Classification of the Marine Triassic in North America,” Spec. Pap. Geol. Soc. Am. 110, pp. 1–63 (1968).

    Google Scholar 

  101. L. F. Spath, Catalogue of the Fossil Cephalopoda in the British Museum (Natural History), Pt. IV: The Ammonoidea of the Trias (Oxford Univ. Press, London, 1934).

    Google Scholar 

  102. W. C. Sweet, “Uppermost Permian and Lower Triassic Conodonts of the Salt Range and Trans-Indus Ranges, West Pakistan,” Spec. Publ. Univ. Kansas Dept. Geol. 4, pp. 207–275 (1970).

    Google Scholar 

  103. W. C. Sweet, L. C. Mosher, D. L. Clark, et al., “Conodont Biostratigraphy of the Triassic,” Symposium on Conodont Biostratigraphy. Eds. Sweet, W. C. and Bergstrom, S.M., Mem. Geol. Soc. Am. 127, pp. 441–465 (1971).

  104. J. Tong, Y.D. Zakharov, M. J. Orchard, et al., “Proposal of Chaohu Section as the GSSP Candidate of the Induan-Olenekian Boundary,” Albertiana 29, pp. 13–28 (2004).

    Google Scholar 

  105. E. T. Tozer, “Upper Triassic Ammonoid Zones of the Peace River Foothills, British Columbia, and Their Bearing on the Classification of the Norian Stage,” Can. J. Earth Sci. 2, pp. 216–226 (1965).

    Google Scholar 

  106. E. T. Tozer, “A Standard for Triassic time,” Bull. Geol. Surv. Canada. 156, pp. 1–103 (1967).

    Google Scholar 

  107. E. T. Tozer, “Triassic Ammonoidea: Geographic and Stratigraphic Distribution,” in The Ammonoidea (Academic, London, 1981), pp. 397–431.

    Google Scholar 

  108. E. T. Tozer, “Canadian Triassic Ammonoid Faunas,” Bull. Geol. Surv. Canada. 467, pp. 1–663 (1994).

    Google Scholar 

  109. I. I. Tuchkov, “Fauna from The Marine Rhaetian of Northeast Asia,” Ezheg. VPO (Leningrad) 15, pp. 177–222 (1956).

    Google Scholar 

  110. M. Ulrichs, “Trachyceras Laube 1869 (Ammonoidea) aus dem Unterkarn (Obertrias) der Dolomiten (Italien),” Stuttgart. Beitr. Naturkunde, Ser. B (Geol. Paláontol.) 217, pp. 1–55 (1994).

    Google Scholar 

  111. Y. Wang, “Earliest Triassic Ammonoid Faunas from Jiangsu and Zhejiang and Their Bearing on the Definition of Permo-Triassic boundary,” Acta Palaeontol. Sinica 23(3), pp. 257–269 (1984).

    Google Scholar 

  112. Y. Wang, Ch. Chen, and L. Rui, “A Potential Global Stratotype of the Permian-Triassic boundary,” Permophiles, No. 13, 3–7 (1988).

  113. H. Yin, K. Zhang, J. Tong, et al., “The Global Stratotype Section and Point (GSSP) of the Permian-Triassic boundary,” Episodes 24(2), pp. 102–114 (2001).

    Google Scholar 

  114. Yu. D. Zakharov, “Ammonoid Succession of Setorym River (Verkhoyansk Area) and Problem of Permian-Triassic boundary in Boreal Realm,” J. China Univ. Geosci. 13(2), pp. 107–123 (2002).

    Google Scholar 

  115. Yu. D. Zakharov, Ya. Shigeta, A. M. Popov, et al., “Candidates for a Global Stratotype of the Induan-Olenekian Boundary (Lower Triassic) in Southern Primor’e,” Stratigr. Geol. Korrelyatsiya 10(6), 50–61 (2002) [Stratigr. Geol. Correlation 10 (6), 575–585 (2002)].

    Google Scholar 

  116. H. Zapfe, “Das Forschungsprojekt ‘Triassic of the Tethys Realm’ (IGCP Project 4). Abschlussbericht,” in Neue Beitrage zur Biostratigraphie der Tethys-Trias (Springer, Wien, 1983), pp. 7–16.

    Google Scholar 

  117. K. Zhang, X. Lai, M. Ding, and J. Liu, “Conodont Sequences and Its Global Correlation of Permian-Triassic Boundary in Meishan Section, Changxing, Zhejiang Province,” Earth Science. J., China Univ. Geosci. 20(6), pp. 669–676 (1995).

    Google Scholar 

  118. L. Zhao, M. J. Orchard, and J. Tong, “Lower Triassic Conodont Biostratigraphy and Speciation of Neospathodus waageni around the Induan-Olenekian Boundary of Chahu, Anhui Province, China,” Albertiana 29, pp. 41–43 (2004).

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Trofimuk Institute of Petroleum Geology and Geophysics, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia

    A. G. Konstantinov

  2. Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Russia

    T. V. Klets

Authors
  1. A. G. Konstantinov
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. T. V. Klets
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to A. G. Konstantinov.

Additional information

Original Russian Text © A.G. Konstantinov, T.V. Klets, 2009, published in Stratigrafiya. Geologicheskaya Korrelyatsiya, 2009, Vol. 17, No. 2, pp. 66–85.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Konstantinov, A.G., Klets, T.V. Stage boundaries of the Triassic in Northeast Asia. Stratigr. Geol. Correl. 17, 173–191 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1134/S0869593809020063

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1134/S0869593809020063

Key words

Search

Navigation