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Low Crustal Fluid Reservoirs in Ultramafic Cumulates of Kamchatka

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Abstract

Based on published geophysical and petrological data, lower crustal fluid reservoirs have been proposed below the Klyuchevskoy Volcano, expressed as a low Vp/Vs anomaly. A high Vp/Vs anomaly under the proposed fluid reservoir is interpreted as a zone of magma accumulation. The localization of fluids in these reservoirs in the ductile lower crust can vary from isolated inclusions to filling of microfractures over a time scale of several months. Using a simplified poroelastic model, it is shown that the transition in the topology of pore space filled with fluid or melt can provide the observed changes in Vp/Vs in the anomalies of high and low values at a melt content of several vol % and fluid content less than 1 vol %, respectively. In zones of active volcanism, such as the Klyuchevskaya group of volcanoes (KGV), fluid reservoirs are localized in ultramafic cumulates formed during the early high-temperature stage of magma fractionation. Ultramafic xenoliths in the products of eruptions of the KGV and Avachinsky volcanoes, often interpreted as mantle rocks, formed at pressures of about 5 kbar or depths of about 18–20 km in accordance with two-pyroxene geo-thermobarometry and the content of volatiles in melt inclusions in olivine and spinel. When crossing by ascending magmas, the fluid-containing reservoir experiences mechanical failure and injects a certain amount of fluid into the magma, which then captures pieces of crushed magmatic cumulates. The composition of melt inclusions in olivine can reveal records of the magma-fluid interaction.

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ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

The authors thank Yury Taran for useful criticism of the early version of this work and Alexey Ariskin for a comprehensive review of the final version of MS. Vera Devyatova made an invaluable contribution to the analysis of the mafic xenoliths and inclusions of the Shiveluch volcano, which aroused interest in the crustal cumulates of Kamchatka. AGS is grateful to Maria Tolstykh and Andrey Babansky for the opportunity to visit the volcanoes of Northern Kamchatka during the 2007 field works.

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Simakin, A.G., Shaposhikova, O.Y. Low Crustal Fluid Reservoirs in Ultramafic Cumulates of Kamchatka. Petrology 31, 705–717 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1134/S0869591123060036

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