Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Petrology of the tin-bearing granite-leucogranites of the Piaoak Massif, Northern Vietnam

  • Published:
Petrology Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

The Piaoak tin-bearing granite-leucogranites located in the Caobang Province of Northern Vietnam compose a stock-like hypabyssal body. Host rocks are represented by Early Devonian carbonate sequences and Early Triassic “black” shales. The geochronological age of the Piaoak granite-leucogranites corresponds to the Late Cretaceous: T = 83.5 ± 6.2 Ma, 87Rb/86Sr method; T = 89.7 ± 1.0 Ma, 39Ar/40Ar method. The massif has a simple basic to acid order: two-mica and muscovite granite-leucogranite → raremetal aplites, pegmatites → tin-bearing greisens and hydrothermal veins. The petrographic and microstructural studies revealed a sharp change in crystallization conditions of the granite-leucogranite magma at the late magmatic stage and formation of muscovite via incongruent melting of protolithionite. The study of melt and coexisting fluid inclusions showed that solidus crystallization occurred under fluid-saturated conditions at 635–600°C. In composition, the granite-leucogranites of the Piaoak Massif correspond to the raremetal-plumasite geochemical type (according to L.V. Tauson), and reach Li-F facies in terms of their rare-element composition. The composition of aplites and pegmatites demonstrates that granite-leucogranite magma did not accumulate lithophile and volatile components in the residual melt during differentiation, but was initially enriched in rare-metals. It is most probable that the melt was generated from Proterozoic lithotectonic complexes and overlaying Lower Triassic “black” shales.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Antipin, V.S., Halls, C., Mitichkin, M.A., et al., Elvans of Cornwall (England) and Southern Siberia as Subvolcanic Counterparts of Subalkalic Rare Metal Granites, Russ. Geol. Geophys., 2002, vol. 43, no. 9, pp. 847–857.

    Google Scholar 

  • Antipin, V.S., Savina, E.A., Mitichkin, M.A., and Perelyaev, V.I., Rare-Metal Lithium-Fluorine Granites, Ongonites, and Topazites of the Southern Baikal Region, Petrology, 1999, vol. 7, no. 2, pp. 147–159.

    Google Scholar 

  • Becquerel, Anrie and Curie, Pier, The Nobel Prize in Chemistry, 1911. http://ru.wikipedia.org.

  • Bourret, R., Contribution a L’Etude Des Roches Eruptive Indochinoises, Bull. Serv. Geol. Indochina, Hanoi, 1924, vol. XIII.

  • Boynton, W.V., Cosmochemistry of the Rare Earth Elements: Meteorite Studies, in Rare Earth Element Geochemistry, Amsterdam: Elsevier, 1984, pp. 63–114.

    Google Scholar 

  • Chan Dyk Lyon, Nguyen Suan Bao, et al., Geological Map of Vietnam on a Scale 1: 500000, Hanoi: 1992.

  • Chan Van Chi, Nguyen Suan Tung, et al., Geological Map of the Northern Part of Vietnam on a Scale 1: 1000000, Hanoi: 1977.

  • Chan, Chong Khoa, Within-Plate Magmatism of Northern Vietnam and its Metallogeny, Extended Abstract of Doctoral (Geolmin) Dissertation, Novosibirsk: “Geo”, 2007.

    Google Scholar 

  • Chappell, B.W. and White, A.J., Two Contrasting Granite Types, Pacific Geology, 1974, vol. 8, pp. 173–174.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cobbing, E.J., Pitfield, P.E.J., Darbyshire, D.P.F., and Mallick, D.I.J., The Granites of the South-East Asian Tin Belt, London: HMSO, 1992.

    Google Scholar 

  • Curie-Sklodowska, M., Nobel Prize in Physics, 1903. http://ru.wikipedia.org.

  • Dobretsov, N.L., 250-Ma Large Igneous Province of Asia: Siberian and Emeishan Traps (Plateau Basalts) and Associated Granitoids, Russ. Geol. Geophys., 2005, vol. 46, no. 9, pp. 847–868.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dobretsov, N.L., Kirdyashkin, A.G., and Kirdyashkin, A.A., Glubinnaya geodinamika (Deep Geodynamics), Novosibirsk: Nauka, SO RAN, 2005.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dovzhikov, A.E., Bui Fu Mi, Vasilevskaya, E.D., Geologiya Severnogo V’etnama (Geology of Northern Vietnam), Hanoi: Nauka i Technika, 1965.

    Google Scholar 

  • Faure, G., Principles of Isotope Geology Wileys: New York, 1986.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fershtater, G.B., Granitoid Magmatism and Formation of the Continental Crust during Evolution of the Uralian Orogen, Litosfera, 2001, no. 1, pp. 62–85.

  • Fleach, R.J., Sutter, J.F., and Elliot, D.H., Interpretation of Discordant 40Ar/39Ar Age-Spectra of Mesozoic Tholeiites from Antarctica, Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 1977, vol. 41, pp. 15–32.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Foster, M.D., Interpretation of the Composition of Lithium Micas, U. S. Geol. Surv. Prof. Pap., 1960, vol. 354-E, no. 1, pp. 114–147.

    Google Scholar 

  • Frost, B.R., Barnes, C.G., Collins, W.J., et al., A Geochemical Classification for Granitic Rocks, J. Petrol., 2001, vol. 42, pp. 2033–2048.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gatinsky, Yu.G., Lateral’nyi strukturno-formatsionnyi analiz (Lateral Lithotectonic Analysis), Moscow: Nedra, 1986.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ginzburg, A.I. and Berkhin, S.I., Composition and Chemical Constitution of Lithium Micas, Tr. Mineral. Muzeya Akad Nauk SSSR, 1953, no. 5, pp. 90–131.

  • Gorokhov, I.M., Rubidii-strontsievyi metod izotopnoi geokhronologii (Rb-Sr Method of Isotope Geochronology), Moscow: Energoatomizdat, 1985.

    Google Scholar 

  • Izokh, A.E., Polyakov, G.V., Tran Trong Hoa, et al., Permian-Triassic Ultramafic-Mafic Magmatism of Northern Vietnam and Southern China as Expression of Plume Magmatism, Russ. Geol. Geophys., 2005, vol. 46, no. 9, pp. 922–932.

    Google Scholar 

  • Izokh, E.P., Giperbazit-gabbro-granitnyi formatsionnyi ryad i formatsiya vysokoglinozemistykh granitov (Ultramafic-Gabbro-Granite Series and Formation of High-Alumina Granites), Novosibirsk: SO AN SSSR, 1965.

    Google Scholar 

  • Izokh, E.P., Otsenka rudonosnosti granitoinykh formatsii v tselyakh prognozirovaniya (Estimation of the Ore Potential of Granitoid Series for Prediction Purposes), Moscow: Nedra, 1978.

    Google Scholar 

  • Izokh, E.P., Tran Duc Luong, and Nguyen Van Qyen, Magmatism in Vietnam and Connected Issues, Proc. First Conference on Geology of Indochina, Vietnam, Ho Chi Minh, 1986, vol. 1, pp. 157–171.

    Google Scholar 

  • Khain, V.E., Tektonika kontinentov i okeanov (Tectonics of Continents and Oceans), Moscow: Nauchnyi mir, 2001.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kovalenko, V.I., Petrologiya i geokhimiya redkometal’nykh granitoidov, (Petrology and Geochemistry of Rare-Metal Granitoids), Tauson, L.V., Ed., Novosibirsk: Nauka, SO RAN, 1977.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kovalenko, V.I., Kostitsyn, Yu.A., Yarmolyuk, V.V., et al., Magma Sources and the Isotopic (Sr and Nd) Evolution of Li-F Rare-Metal Granites, Petrology, 1999, vol. 7, no. 4, pp. 383–409.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kozlov, V.D., Rare-earth Elements as Indicators of Ore Sources and the Degree of Differentiation and Ore Potential of Rare-Metal Granite Intrusions (Eastern Transbaikalia), Russ. Geol. Geophys., 2009, vol. 50, no. 1, pp. 29–42.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kretz, R., Symbols for Rock-Forming Minerals, Am. Mineral., 1983, vol. 68, pp. 277–279.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lacroix, A., Contribution a La Connaissaance De La Composition Chimigue et Mineralogique De Roches Eruptive De L’Indochine, Bull. Surv. Geol. Indochine, 1933, vol. 20, no. 3.

  • Lazarev, A.Z., Description of the Western Part of the Tinh-Tuk Tin-Bearing Placer and Data on the Prospective Phia Oak Ore-Bearing Districts in the Democratic Republic of Vietnam, Tr. TsNIGRI, 1958, no. 27.

  • Nguyen Van Quyen, Pham Thien, Nguyen Duc Thang et al., The Scheme of Division and Rhythm of magmatism of Dalat Zone in South Vietnam, Abstracts of Papers. First Conference on Geology of Indochina, Ho Chi Minh City: General Department of Geology of Vietnam, 1986, pp. 34–36.

  • Phan Luu Anh, Petrology of High-Al Granitoids of Vietnam, Extended Abstract of Cand. Sci. (Geolmin) Dissertation, Novosibirsk: OIGGM SO RAN, 1996.

    Google Scholar 

  • Phan Luu Anh, Vladimirov A.G., Chan Chong Khoa, and Chan Tuan Anh, Biotites of the Mesozoic-Cenozoic High-Al Granitoids of Vietnam and their Indicator Features, Hanoi: Nauki o Zemle, 1996b.

    Google Scholar 

  • Phan Luu Anh, Vladimirov, A.G., and Chan Chong Khoa, Conditions of Formation of Granites from the Khaivan and Bana Massifs based on Trace-Element Contents and Isotopic Data, Hanoi: Nauki o Zemle, 1996a.

    Google Scholar 

  • Phan Luu Anh, Vladimirov, A.G., Kruk, N.N., et al., Stanniferrous Granites of Vietnam: Rb-Sr and Ar-Ar Isotope Age, Composition, Sources, and Geodynamic Formation Conditions, Dokl. Earth Sci., 2010, vol. 432, pp. 839–845.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Phan, Luu Anh., Estimation of Prospects and Resources for Indium Recovery in Tin-Bearing Deposits of Vietnam for the Purpose of Revelation New Nanotechnology Resources, Hanoi: 2011.

  • Polyakov, G.V., and Balykin, P.A., Tran Trong Hoa, et al., Evolution of the Mesozoic-Cenozoic Magmatism of the Shongda Rift and Surrounding Structures, Northwestern Vietnam, Geol. Geofiz., 1998, vol. 39, no. 6, pp. 695–706.

    Google Scholar 

  • Polyakov, G.V., Shelepaev, R.A., Tran Trong Hoa, et al., The Nui Chua Layered Peridotite-Gabbro Complex as Manifestation of Permo-Triassic Mantle Plume in Northern Vietnam, Russ. Geol. Geophys., 2009, vol. 50, no. 6, pp. 493–508

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Smirnov, S.Z., Tomas, V.G., Sokolova, E.N., and Kupriyanov, I.N., Experimental Study of the Leak-Tightness of Water-Containing Silicate melt Inclusions under the Confining Pressure of D2O at 650°C and 3 Kbar, Russ. Geol. Geophys., 2011, no. 9, pp. 537–547.

  • Sotnikov, V.I., Ponomarchuk, V.A., Berzina, A.N., et al., 87Sr/86Sr in Apatite and Titanite from Granitoids as an Indicator of the Dynamics of Endogenic Process: A Case of the Shakhtama Molybdenum Deposit, Eastern Transbaikalia, Geochem. Int., 1999, vol. 37, no. 10, pp. 936–942.

    Google Scholar 

  • Steiger, R.N. and Jager, E., Subcomission on Geochronology: Convention and Use of Decay Constants in Geo- and Cosmochronology, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 1976, vol. 36, pp. 359–362.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Tauson, L.V., Geokhimicheskie tipy i potentsial’naya rudonosnost’ granitoidov (Geochemical Types and Ore Potential of Granitoids), Moscow: Nauka, 1977.

    Google Scholar 

  • Taylor, S.R. and McLennan, S.M., The Continental Crust: its Composition and Evolution, Oxford: Blackwell, 1985.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tran Trong Hoa, Izokh, A.E., Polyakov, G.V., et al., Permo-Triassic Magmatism and Metallogeny of Northern Vietnam in Relation to the Emeishan Plume, Russ. Geol. Geophys., 2008, vol. 49(7), pp. 480–491.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Travin, A.V., Geochronological Stages of the Evolution of Copper-Molybdenum-Porphyry Ore-Magmatic Systems, Southern Siberia, Mongolia, Extended Abstract of Cand. Sci. (Geolmin) Dissertation, Novosibirsk: OIGGM SO RAN, 1994.

    Google Scholar 

  • Vladimirov, A.G. and Phan, Luu Anh, Scientific Report of RFB no. 08-05-90303 “Dynamics of the Initiation and Formation of Tin-Bearing Ore-Magmatic Systems under Interference of Geodynamic Conditions with Reference to Vietnam,” 2009. www.rffi.ru/default.asp?doc-id.

  • Vladimirov, A.G., Balykin, P.A., Phan Luu Anh, et al., The Khao Que-Tam Tao Gabbro-Granite Massif (Northern Vietnam)-Petrological Indicator of the Emeishan Plume, Russ. J. Pac. Geol., 2012, vol. 6, no. 5, pp. 395–410.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Vladimirov, A.G., Belyaeva, R.T., Verkhoturov, V.E., et al., Petrologiya kordieritovykh granitov Bashgumbezskogo massiva (Yuzhnyi Pamir) (Petrology of the Cordierite Granites of the Bashgumbezs Massif, Southern Pamirs), Novosibirsk: Nauka, 1987.

    Google Scholar 

  • Vladimirov, A.G., Kruk, N.N., Chupin, V.P., et al., Topaz-Protolithionite Granites and Ongonites of the Bazardara Ore District, Southeastern Pamirs, Geol. Geofiz., 1991, no. 4, pp. 40–48.

  • Vladimirov, A.G., Malykh, M.M., Dronov, V.I., et al., Indosiniiskii magmatizm i geodinamika Yuzhnogo Pamira (Indosinian Magmatism and Geodynamics of the Southern Pamirs), Novosibirsk: GIIM SO RAN, 1992.

    Google Scholar 

  • Vladimirov, A.G., Ponomareva, A.P., Kargopolov, S.A., et al., Neoproterozoic Age of Oldest Rocks from the Tom’ Inlier (Mountainous Shoriya): Implication of U-Pb, Sm-Nd, Rb-Sr, and Ar-Ar Dating, Stratigr. Geol. Correlation, 1999, vol. 7, no. 5, pp. 437–451.

    Google Scholar 

  • Yudovich, Ya.E. and Ketris, M.P., Geokhimiya “chernykh” slantsev (Geochemistry of “Black” Shales), Leningrad: Nauka, 1988.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Sobolev Institute of Geology and Mineralogy, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, pr. Akad. Koptyuga, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia

    A. G. Vladimirov, N. N. Kruk, C. Z. Smirnov, I. Yu. Annikova, G. G. Pavlova, M. L. Kuibida, E. N. Moroz & E. N. Sokolova

  2. Institute of Geological Sciences, Vietnam Academy of Sciences and Technologies, Hanoi, Vietnam

    Phan Luu Anh

  3. Novosibirsk State University, ul. Pirogova 2, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia

    A. G. Vladimirov, C. Z. Smirnov, E. N. Sokolova & E. I. Astrelina

  4. Tomsk State University, pr. Lenina 36, Tomsk, 634050, Russia

    A. G. Vladimirov

Authors
  1. A. G. Vladimirov
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Phan Luu Anh
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. N. N. Kruk
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. C. Z. Smirnov
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. I. Yu. Annikova
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  6. G. G. Pavlova
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  7. M. L. Kuibida
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  8. E. N. Moroz
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  9. E. N. Sokolova
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  10. E. I. Astrelina
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to A. G. Vladimirov.

Additional information

Original Russian Text © A.G. Vladimirov, Phan Luu Anh, N.N. Kruk, C.Z. Smirnov, I.Yu. Annikova, G.G. Pavlova, M.L. Kuibida, E.N. Moroz, E.N. Sokolova, E.I. Astrelina, 2012, published in Petrologiya, 2012, Vol. 20, No. 6, pp. 599–621.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Vladimirov, A.G., Anh, P.L., Kruk, N.N. et al. Petrology of the tin-bearing granite-leucogranites of the Piaoak Massif, Northern Vietnam. Petrology 20, 545–566 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1134/S0869591112050074

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1134/S0869591112050074

Keywords

Search

Navigation