To the memory of V. I. Feldman
Abstract
Impact cratering is usually associated with the partial or complete vaporization of the high-temperature impact melts. According to its chemical characteristics, the vaporization of major oxides, silicate minerals, and rock melts can be classified into the following four types: (1) congruent vaporization without decomposition of the compound in the vapor phase, (2) congruent vaporization with the decomposition of the compound in the vapor phase, (3) incongruent vaporization, and (4) cluster vaporization. The latter type of vaporization pertains to the transfer of material into vapor phase in the form of complicated atomicmolecular groups (clusters) of certain stoichiometry. Cluster vaporization takes place at superhigh temperatures typical of impact processes. The clusters can comprise compounds of different individual volatility, and this often results in the enrichment of the vapor phase in elements traditionally thought to be refractory. Examples of cluster vaporization are offered by lately obtained experimental results on laser-pulse vaporization of larnite, merwinite, and wollastonite. Condensed vapor generated at the vaporization of orthosilicates (larnite and merwinite) was proved to be dominated by chain bonds of Si-O tetrahedrons and to contain molecular groups of wollastonite and pseudowollastonite stoichiometry.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Dikov, Yu.P., Brytov I.A., Romashenko Yu.P., and Dolin S.P., Osobennosti Electronnogo Stroeniya Silikatov (Distinctive Features of the Electron Structure of Silicates), Moscow: Nauka, 1979.
Dikov, Yu.P., Gerasimov, M.V., and Yakovlev, O.I., Anomalous Evaporation of Refractory Elements from Eudialyte, Zircon, and Orthite, Geokhimiya, 1992, no. 2, pp. 291–296.
Gerasimov, M.V., Dikov, Yu.P., Yakovlev, O.I., and Wlotzka, F., Water Vapor Trapping from the Atmosphere by Condensed Silicate Material Produced during Evaporation by Laser Pulses, Geokhimiya, 1994, no. 4, pp. 597–608.
Gerasimov, M.V., Ivanov, B.A., Yakovlev, O.I., and Dikov, Yu.P., Physics and Chemistry of Impacts, Ehrenfreund, P., et al., Eds., Kluwer Academic Publishers, Laboratory Astrophysics and Space Research, 1999, pp. 279–329.
Gerasimov, M.V., Yakovlev, O.I., and Dikov, Yu.P., Experimental Study of the Behavior of Chemical Elements during Impact Evaporation Processes, Proc. Int. Conf. Zababakhin Readings, Snezhinsk, 2005, p. 33.
Gerasimov, M.V., Yakovlev, O.I., and Dikov, Yu.P., Impact-Induced Vaporization: Domination of Molecular Clusters, 48th Vernadsky-Brown Microsymposium, Moscow, 2009, CD-ROM no. 48-09.
Kazenas, E.K. and Chizhikov, D.M., Davlenie i sostav para nad okislami khimicheskikh elementov (Pressure and Vapor Composition above Oxides), Moscow: Nauka, 1976.
Kulikov, I.S., Termicheskaya dissotsiatsiya soedinenii (Thermal Dissociation of Chemical Compounds), Moscow: Izdvo “Metallurgiya”, 1969.
Markova, O.M., Yakovlev, O.I., Semenov, G.A., and Belov, A.N., Some General Experimental Results on the Vaporization of Natural Melts in the Knudsen Cell, Geokhimiya, 1986, no. 11, pp. 1559–1569.
Oksenoid, K.G., Sotnichenko, E.A., Fainberg, V.S., and Yakovlev, O.I., Results of Studying Cluster Formation during Expansion of Diopside Vapor in Vacuum, Geokhimiya, 1990, no. 9, pp. 1360–1363.
Ready, J., Effect of High-Power Laser Radiation, New York: Acad. Press, 1971.
Shornikov, S.I., Mass Spectrometric Knudsen Effusion Method. Study of CaO-MgO-Al2O3-SiO2 System at High Temperatures, in XVI Rossiiskoe soveshchanie po eksperimental’noi mineralogii. Tez. dokl (Abstracts of 16th Russian Conference on Experimental Mineralogy), Chernogolovka, 2010, pp. 287–289.
Warner C.D., Naumkin A.V., A. Kraut-Vass, Allison J.W. et al. NIST X-ray Photoelectron X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy Database (NIST Standard Database 29, Version 3.5) // 2010. http://srdata.nist.gov/xps/
Yakovlev O.I., Dikov Yu.P., Gerasimov M.V., and Bychkov A.M., High-Temperature Flash Vaporization of Albite-Orthoclase Solid Solutions, Geochem. Int., 1996, vol. 34, no. 8, pp. 706–713.
Yakovlev, O.I. and Lyul, A.Yu., Geochemistry of Trace Elements in the Impact Process, Geokhimiya, 1992, no. 3, pp. 323–337.
Yakovlev, O.I., Dikov, Yu.P., and Gerasimov, M.V., Differentiation Caused by Impact-Induced Vaporization during the Earth’s Accretion, Geochem. Int., 2000, vol. 38, no. 10, pp. 937–954.
Yakovlev, O.I., Dikov, Yu.P., and Gerasimov, M.V., Experimental Study of Impact and Laser-Pulse Vaporization of Ultramafic Rocks, Geokhimiya, 1995, no. 8, pp. 1235–1248.
Yakovlev, O.I., Dikov, Yu.P., Gerasimov, M.V., and Wlotzka, F., Vaporization of Aluminum from Silicate Melt, Geochem. Int., 1997, vol. 35, no. 12, pp. 1046–1059.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
Original Russian Text © M.V. Gerasimov, Yu.P. Dikov, O.I. Yakovlev, 2012, published in Petrologiya, 2012, Vol. 20, No. 5, pp. 439–448.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Gerasimov, M.V., Dikov, Y.P. & Yakovlev, O.I. Cluster type of silicate vaporization: Newly obtained experimental data. Petrology 20, 399–407 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1134/S0869591112040054
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1134/S0869591112040054