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Gas Emission on Ebeko Volcano, Kuril Islands in 2003–2021: Geochemistry, Flows, and Indicators of Activity

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Abstract

This paper reports on new data concerning the chemical and isotopic composition of volcanic gases, the emission of volcanic SO2 and of soil CO2 at the active Ebeko Volcano. The volcano erupted in 2009, 2010, 2011, from October 2016 to November 2021. The composition of volcanic gases for 2003–2016, 2021 was obtained by straightforward sampling of the fumaroles. The high-temperature gas (420–529°С) has a composition that is typical of Kuril magmatic gases with an atomic ratio C/S <1 and the concentration of HCl 5–7 mmol/mol; the isotopic composition of the condensates: δD ~ –24, δ18O = 2.6–4.9. We have identified geochemical precursors of the eruption: increasing concentrations of CO2, Н2, SO2, H2S, and HCl; decreasing C/S ratio down to values below 1, which is characteristic for magmatic gases at the Kurils; increasing temperature; heavier isotopes of δD and δ18O in condensates of volcanic vapor; increasing gas flux. The accumulation chamber technique was used to measure a high soil flux of CO2 in two thermal fields (reaching 10 442 g/m2/day), which exceeds the visible fumarolic output (~50 t/day as against ~40 t/day). The flux of SO2 from the active crater was measured using a DOAS scanning HC spectrometer in 2020 and in 2021, and was 99 ± 28 and 9 ± 2.7 t/day in gas plumes, and 747 ± 220 and 450 ± 130 t/day in ash plumes, respectively. The decreasing emission of SO2 in August 2021 is here related to degassing of the magma before the termination of the eruption.

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ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

We thank S.N. Rychagov for continual aid, E.G. Kalacheva for joint work, L.V. Kotenko for constant participation in field surveys and the acquisition of a large amount of gas samples, and D.Yu. Kuzmin for his participation in gas sampling in 2003 and 2011, and for measurements of soil СО2 in 2017.

We thank our reviewers for constructive criticism and valuable remarks which went far toward improving the manuscript.

Funding

This work was supported by the Russian Foundation for Basic Research, project no. 20-05-00517/20.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institute of Volcanology and Seismology, Far East Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, bulvar Piipa, 9, 683006, Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky, Russia

    T. A. Kotenko, D. V. Melnikov & K. V. Tarasov

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  1. T. A. Kotenko
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Correspondence to T. A. Kotenko.

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Translated by A. Petrosyan

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Kotenko, T.A., Melnikov, D.V. & Tarasov, K.V. Gas Emission on Ebeko Volcano, Kuril Islands in 2003–2021: Geochemistry, Flows, and Indicators of Activity. J. Volcanolog. Seismol. 16, 264–279 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1134/S0742046322040054

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