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Immunological Aspects of Reactivation of Latent Infections in Space Flight and Antarctica

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Abstract

The complex of space flight (SF) factors can have a negative impact on the human organism, including innate and adaptive immunity. One of the negative effects of impaired functional activity of the immune system is a decrease of latent immunological control of infections. During short- and long-term SFs, reactivation of latent viruses was shown, while the virus was detected in body fluids for some time after returning to Earth. Despite the fact that in most cases reactivation was asymptomatic, there are fears that during long expeditions into deep space, reactivation of latent pathogens can lead to the development of diseases that are dangerous to the crewmembers’ health. There is a lot of data about the reactivation of viral pathogens during SF, but the reactivation of bacterial agents in cosmonauts has received almost no attention. Due to the complexity of conducting research in space, an important role is played by ground-based analog experiments that simulate space station conditions. One of the most significant analogs of SF is the long-term Antarctic expedition, which makes it possible to obtain unique information about the effect of isolation, increased mental, and physiological stress on the reactivation of latent pathogens. Currently, latency is increasingly considered as a symbiotic existence of a pathogen and host, during which the human body acquires additional resistance to certain infectious agents. Thus, an important task of the upcoming research is a comprehensive analysis of the personal immunological status during SF, establishing its relationship with the latent infections reactivation and developing systems for monitoring, preventing, and treating the negative consequences of reactivation.

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The article was made within the basic topics of the Institute of Biomedical Problems, Russian Academy of Sciences (Moscow) 65.1.

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  1. Institute of Biomedical Problems, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia

    S. M. Shulgina, M. P. Rykova, O. V. Kutko, V. A. Shmarov, E. N. Antropova, E. A. Zhirova, E. A. Lysenko, K. D. Orlova, D. D. Vlasova & S. A. Ponomarev

  2. University of Padua, Padua, Italy

    E. A. Lysenko

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  1. S. M. Shulgina
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Shulgina, S.M., Rykova, M.P., Kutko, O.V. et al. Immunological Aspects of Reactivation of Latent Infections in Space Flight and Antarctica. Hum Physiol 49, 682–698 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1134/S0362119723700482

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