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Rest Energy Expenditure and Energy Expenditure During Submaximal Exercise: New Approach to Assessment of Performance in Skiers

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Abstract

The aim of the present study was to analyze rest energy expenditure (REE) and energy expenditure (EE) during submaximal exercise in athletes. We performed a retrospective analysis of data from 2014 to 2020 among cross-country skiers in the preparatory phase. Depending on the potential performance, athletes (n = 136) were divided into two groups: I – test completed to the anaerobic threshold (AnT), II – test completed until exhaustion. The present study included the data only up to AnT for a correct comparison of the results. REE was 2058.5 ± 220.5 kcal/day in group I and 2023.1 ± 216.4 kcal/day in group II (p = 0.481) with a significant difference in the respiratory coefficient (p < 0.000). In the REE structure, the contribution of fats and carbohydrates (CHOs) was 69 and 31% in group I, 48 (p = 0.021) and 52% (p < 0.000) in group II. Correlations between VO2rest and REE, as well as the rate of fats and CHOs oxidation at rest were revealed. In groups I and II the VO2AnT (p < 0.000) and relative values of VO2max (p < 0.05) were significantly different. EE up to AnT was 135.9 ± 31.2 and 134.0 ± 23.4 kcal (p = 0.399) for I and II groups. The amount of fats and carbohydrates spent during the test before the AnT was 6.3 ± 2.0 and 20.7 ± 4.4 g in group I and 7.1 ± 1.7 (p < 0.05) and 15.8 ± 5.9 (p < 0.000) g in group II. The present study showed that the 1 : 1 balance of fats and CHOs in the REE structure is a more informative performance marker than quantitative assessment of EE. VO2AnT reduced by 20% relative to VO2max may indicate the functional economization and the body’s ability to perform exercise over a long period of time, including anaerobic exercise. Endurance athletes demonstrated the economy of CHOs against active use of fats during submaximal exercise. Complex estimation of performance indicators and EE (including contribution of fats and CHOs) should be considered when studying the performance of athletes.

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Funding

The work was carried out at the expense of subsidies for the implementation of state assignment no. GR1021051201877-3-3.1.8 (2022–2026).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Ecological and Medical Physiology, Institute of Physiology, Ural Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Syktyvkar, Russia

    E. A. Bushmanova & A. Yu. Lyudinina

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  1. E. A. Bushmanova
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  2. A. Yu. Lyudinina
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Correspondence to E. A. Bushmanova or A. Yu. Lyudinina.

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Ethics approval. All studies were carried out in accordance with the principles of biomedical ethics formulated in the Declaration of Helsinki of 1964 and its subsequent updates and were approved by the local ethics committee of the Institute of Physiology, Federal Research Center, Komi Scientific Center, Ural Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences on December 28, 2022 (Syktyvkar).

Informed consent. Each participant in the study provided a voluntary written informed consent signed by him after explaining to him the potential risks and benefits, as well as the nature of the upcoming study.

Conflict of interest. The authors declare the absence of obvious and potential conflicts of interest related to the publication of this article.

AUTHOR CONTRIBUTION

E.A. Bushmanova: a significant contribution to the concept of work, data collection, processing and analysis, and writing the text of the manuscript. A.Yu. Lyudinina: development and coordination of the study, critical revision of the text of the manuscript, and approval of the final version of the article for publication.

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Translated by A. Deryabina

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Bushmanova, E.A., Lyudinina, A.Y. Rest Energy Expenditure and Energy Expenditure During Submaximal Exercise: New Approach to Assessment of Performance in Skiers. Hum Physiol 49, 538–544 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1134/S0362119723600169

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1134/S0362119723600169

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