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Regulation of Mitochondrial Biogenesis in Human Skeletal Muscles Induced by Aerobic Exercise and Disuse

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Abstract

Physical inactivity and disuse lead to a decrease in the functionality of skeletal muscles (oxidative capacity, insulin sensitivity, and performance), which is associated with a change in mitochondrial density. In contrast, aerobic exercise training is effective for maintaining/increasing skeletal muscle mitochondrial density and functionality. The review considers the effect of increasing and decreasing physical activity on the mitochondrial density of human skeletal muscles, as well as the main mechanisms responsible for these changes. It is discussed that the content of mitochondrial proteins can be regulated by changing the content of their mRNAs, changes in the rate of synthesis specific for mitochondrial proteins, as well as changes in the rate of degradation, transport, import, and stability of mitochondrial proteins. It has been shown that the mechanisms of regulation of the mitochondrial proteins content under various interventions are significantly different. At the same time, their contribution to the change in the content of mitochondrial proteins is characterized clearly insufficiently, which emphasizes the relevance of further research in this area.

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Funding

This study was supported by the Russian Science Foundation, project no. 21-15-00405.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institute of Biomedical Problems, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia

    R. O. Bokov & D. V. Popov

  2. Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia

    D. V. Popov

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  1. R. O. Bokov
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  2. D. V. Popov
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Correspondence to D. V. Popov.

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Translated by E. Babchenko

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Bokov, R.O., Popov, D.V. Regulation of Mitochondrial Biogenesis in Human Skeletal Muscles Induced by Aerobic Exercise and Disuse. Hum Physiol 48, 261–270 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1134/S0362119722030033

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