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Clinical and Physiological Features of the Sympathetic Innervation of Arms and Hands

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Abstract

Anatomical and physiological features of sympathetic innervation provide a basis for developing methods to treat sympathetic dysfunction. Preganglionic neurons (PNs) that project to the upper limbs are in the spinal segments T2–T9 (mainly at the level of the T2–T6 segments); the respective postganglionic neurons are in the sympathetic trunk from the ganglion stellatum to the ganglion T6. Sympathetic control is provided by the coordination of adrenergic and cholinergic receptors, mediators, co-transmitters, and the involvement in complex interconnections with other regulatory systems.

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  1. Priorov National Medical Research Center of Traumathology and Orthopedics, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia

    A. I. Krupatkin

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Correspondence to A. I. Krupatkin.

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Translated by T. Tkacheva

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Krupatkin, A.I. Clinical and Physiological Features of the Sympathetic Innervation of Arms and Hands. Hum Physiol 45, 435–443 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1134/S0362119719040078

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