Abstract
Biomechanical and electromyographic characteristics of locomotion were studied before and after a space flight on days 3, 7, and 10 after landing in 18 participants of prolonged space missions on board the International Space Station. It has been shown that microgravity causes significant changes in biomechanical and electromyographic characteristics of walking, such as a decrease in the amplitude of angular displacement in leg joints, a decrease in the double step length, and an increase in the electromyographic costs of locomotion. It has been also shown that interval locomotor physical training, such as alternation of running and walking, in prolonged space flights prevents an increase in the physiological costs of locomototions after a space flight and provides more efficient maintenance of the neuromuscular system’s performance after a flight. Cosmonauts who performed interval locomotor training had fewer changes in biomechanical and electromyographic characteristics of walking.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Edgerton, V.R., McCall, G.E., Hodson, J.A., et al., Sensorimotor Adaptation to Microgravity in Humans, J. Exp. Biol., 2001, no. 204, p. 3217.
Homick, J.L. and Reschke, M.F., Postural Equilibrium Following Exposure to Weightless Space Flight, Acta Otolaryngol., 1997, vol. 83, p. 455.
Kornilova, L.N., Vestibular Function and Sensory Interaction in Altered Gravity, Adv. Space Biol. Med., 1997, vol. 6, p. 275.
Grigor’ev, A.I., Kozlovskaya, I.B., and Shenkman, B.S., The Role of Supporting Afferentation in Organization of a Nervous System, Ross. Fiziol. Zh. im. I.M. Sechenova, 2004, vol. 90, no. 5, p. 508.
Kozlovskaya, I.B., Grigor’eva, L.S., and Gevlich, G.I., Comparative Analysis of How Microgravity and its Simulation Effect the Subject’s Speed and Strength Capabilities and Tonus of Skeletal Muscles, Space Biol. Aerospace Med., 1984, vol. 18, no. 6, p. 22.
Korvo, R.Z., Kozlovskaya, I.B., and Kreidich, Yu.V., Influence of a 7-day Space Flight on the Structure and Performance of the Human Supporting-Motor Apparatus, Space Biol. Med., 1983, vol. 17, no. 2, p. 37.
Bloomberg, J.J., Peters, B.T., Huebner, W.P., et al., Locomotor Head-Trunk Coordinationîn Strategies Following Space Flight, J. Vestib. Res., 1997, no. 7, p. 161.
Paloski, W.H., Adaptive Sensory-Motor Processes Disturb Balance Control after Spaceflight, in Biomechanics and neural control of posture and movement, Winters, J.M., Crago, P. E. Eds., New York: Springer, 2000, p. 292.
Zatsiorskii, V.M., Sirota, M.G., Prilutskii, B.I., et al., Biomechanics and Movements of the Body after 120-day Antiorthostatic Hypokinesia, Space Biol. Med., 1985, no. 5, p. 23.
Mel’nik, K.A., Artamonov, A.A., Miller, T.F., and Voronov, A.V., Effects of Mechanic Stimulation of the Foot Support Zones on Locomotion Kinematics during 7-day Dry Immersion, Aviakosm. Ekol. Med., 2006, vol. 40, no. 5, p. 61.
Shpakov, A.V., Artamonov, A.A., Voronov, A.V., and Mel’nik, K.A., Effect of Immersion Hypokinesia on Kinematic and Electromyographic Parameters of Human Locomotion, Aviakosm. Ekol. Med., 2008, vol. 42, no. 5, p. 24.
Kirenskaya, A.V., Kozlovskaya, I.B., and Sirota, M.G., The Effect of Immersion Hypokinesia on the Characteristics of Rhythmic Activity of Motor Units in Soleus Muscle, Fiziol. Chel., 1986, vol. 12, no. 1, p. 617.
Chekirda, I.F. and Eremin, A.V., Dynamics of Cyclic and Acyclic Locomotions of Cosmonauts after 63-Day Space Flight, Kosm. Biol. Med., 1974, vol. 8, no. 4, p. 9.
Recktenwald, M.R., Hodgson, J.A., Roy, R.R., et al., Quadrupedal Locomotion in Rhesus Monkeys after 14 Days of Spaceflight, J. Gravit. Physiol., 1999, vol. 6(3), p. 71.
Basmajian, J.V., Muscle Alive, Their Functions Revealed by Electromyography, Williams and Wilkins, 1979, 4th edition.
De Luca, C.J., Cilmore, L.D., Kuznetsov, M., and Roy, S.H., Filtering the Surface EMG Signal: Movement Artifact and Baseline Noise Contamination, J. Biomechanics, 2000, no. 43, p. 1573.
Glantz, S.A., Primer of Biostatistis, McGraw-Hill, 2012, 7th edition.
Teoriya statistiki (Theory of Statistics: Textbook) Gromyko, G.L., Ed., Moscow: INFRA-M, 2005.
Kozlovskaya, I.B., Grigoriev, A.I., and Stepantzov, V.I., Countermeasure of the Negative Effects of Weightlessness on Physical Systems in Long-Term Space Flights, Acta Astronaut., 1995, vol. 36, no. 8–12, p. 661.
Bogomolov, V.V., Kozlovskaya, I.B., Alferova, I.V., et al., Medical Care for Russian Cosmonauts’ Health on the ISS, Aviakosm. Ekol. Med., 2008, vol. 42, no. 6, p. 58.
Bogdanov, V.A., Gurfinkel’, V.S., and Panfilov, V.E., Human Motion under Lunar Gravity Conditions, Kosm. Biol. Med., 1971, no. 2, p. 3.
Margaria, R., Positive and Negative Work Performances and Their Efficiencies in Human Locomotion, Z. Angew. Physiol., 1968, no. 25, p. 339.
Thornton, W.E. and Ord, J., Physiological Mass Measurements in Skylab, Proc. Skylab Life Sci. Symp., NASA TMX-58154, 1974, p. 373.
Bryanov, I.I., Kozerenko, O.P., Kakurin, L.I., et al., Specific Features of Statokinetic Reactions, in Kosmicheskie polety na korablyakh “Soyuz” (Space Flights in the Soyuz Spacecrafts), Moscow: Nauka, 1976.
Belkaniya, G.S., Comprehensive Analysis of Orthostatic Reaction as a Method of Evaluation of Antigravity Function in Monkeys, Aviakosmicheskaya meditsina. (Aerospace Medicine), Moscow: Kaluga, 1975.
Grigor’eva, L.S. and Kozlovskaya, I.B., Effect of Microgravity and Hypokinesia on The Velocity and Strength Properties of Human Muscles, Space Biol. Aerospace Med., 1987, vol. 21, no. 1, p. 27.
Miller, C.A., Peters, B.T., Brady, R.R., et al., Change in Toe Clearance during Treadmill Walking After Long-Duration Spaceflight, Aviat. Space Environ. Med., 2010, no. 81 (10), p. 919.
Gevlich, G.N., Grigor’eva, L.S., Boiko, M.I., and Kozlovskaya, I.B., Measurement of skeletal muscle tone by recording transverse stiffness, Kosm. Biol. Aviakosm. Med., 1983, no. 5, p. 86.
Grigor’eva, L.S. and Kozlovskaya, I.B., The Effect of 7-Days Supporting Discharge on the Speed and Strength Properties of Skeletal Muscles in Human, Kosm. Biol. Aviakosm. Med., 1983, vol. 17, no. 4, p. 21.
Lysova, N.Yu. and Shpakov, A.V., Evaluation of the Efficiency of Locomotor Exercises onboard the ISS with Active and Passive Treadmill, in Materialy IX “Konferentsii molodykh uchenykh, spetsialistov i studentov,” posvyashchennoi Dnyu kosmonavtiki. (Proceedings of the 9th Conference for young researchers, specialists, and students, dedicated to the Cosmonautics Day) Institute of Biomedical Problems, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia, 2010.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Additional information
Original Russian Text © A.V. Shpakov, A.V. Voronov, E.V. Fomina, N.Yu. Lysova, M.V. Chernova, I.B. Kozlovskaya, 2013, published in Fiziologiya Cheloveka, 2013, Vol. 39, No. 2, pp. 60–69.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Shpakov, A.V., Voronov, A.V., Fomina, E.V. et al. Comparative efficiency of different regimens of locomotor training in prolonged space flights as estimated from the data on biomechanical and electromyographic parameters of walking. Hum Physiol 39, 162–170 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1134/S0362119713020151
Received:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1134/S0362119713020151