Abstract
Reactions of the body to different ways of regulation of respiration, i.e., through the elastic resistance to respiratory movements and external dead space volume, as well as voluntary hyper- and hypoventilation, were studied. An increased elastic resistance to respiratory movements was established to create conditions for intense loading of respiratory musculature and to determine an increased in oxygen consumption. An increase in the external dead space produces a marked complex reaction of the body to the hypoxichypercapnic content of the inhaled gas mixture, causing hyperventilation and heightened work of the respiratory musculature and stimulating metabolism. Voluntary hyperventilation during muscular effort leads to a state of relative hypocapnia, gross loss of efficiency, and economic external respiration and gas exchange. Voluntary hypoventilation in the course of muscular effort brings about marked shifts in gas homeostasis towards alveolar hypoxia and hypercapnia. A concurrent increase in the efficiency and economy of external respiration and gas exchange is observed.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Baranov, V.M., Kotov, A.N., and Tikhonov, M.A., Functional State of Respiratory Muscles and Physical Working Capacity under Long-Duration Weightlessness Conditions, in Puti optimizatsii funktsii dykhaniya pri nagruzkakh, v patologii i v ekstremal’nykh sostoyaniyakh (The Ways of Optimizing the Respiratory Function under Loads, Extreme Conditions, and in Pathology), Tver, 1995, p. 3.
Breslav, I.S., Patterny dykhaniya: fiziologiya, ekstremal’nye sostoyaniya, patologiya (Respiration Patterns: Physiology, Extreme States, Pathology), Leningrad: 1984.
Breslav, I.S., Shmeleva, A.M., Kariev, N.N., et al., Regulation of Alveolar CO2 Tension and the Mechanisms of Voluntary Control of Respiration in a Human, Fiziol. Zh. SSSR, 1973, vol. 59, no. 10, p. 1548.
Volkov, N.I., Prospects of the Biology of Sport in the 21st Century, Theor. Prakt. Fiz. Kul’tury, 1998, no. 5, p. 14.
Genin, A.M., Il’in, E.A., Kaplanskii, A.S., et al., Bioethical Rules of Performance of Human and Animal Investigations in Aviation, Space, and Marine Medicine, Aviakosm. Ekol. Med., 2001, vol. 35, no. 4, p. 14.
Gorbaneva, E.P., Kachestvennye kharakteristiki funktsional’nogo svoistva podgotovlennosti athletesov: Monografiya (Qualitative Characteristics of the Functional Property of Athletes’s Preparedness: Monograph), Saratov, 2008.
Kuchkin, S.N., Reserves of the Respiratory System (Review and the State of the Problem), in Rezervy dykhatel’noi sistemy (Reserves of the Respiratory System), Volgograd, 1999.
Malkin, V.B. and Loginova, E.V., Oxygen Consumption as an Indicator of Animal Adaptation to Altitude Hypoxia, Kosm. Biol. Aviakosm. Med., 1984, no. 5, p. 47.
Mikhailov, V.V., Dykhanie athletesa (Athlete’s Respiration), Moscow, 1983.
Sinel’nikova, E.V., Artemenkov, A.A., and Pushkarev, Yu.P., Autonomic Status of the Body during Resistive Load on Respiration, in Puti optimizatsii funktsii dykhaniya pri nagruzkakh, v patologii i v ekstremal’nykh sostoyaniyakh (The Ways of Optimizing the Respiratory Function under Loads, Extreme Conditions, and in Pathology), Tver, 1997, p. 100.
Solopov, I.N., Dykhanie pri sportivnom plavanii (Respiration in Sports Swimming), Volgograd, 1988.
Solopov, I.N., Fiziologicheskie effekty metodov napravlennogo vozdeistviya na dykhatel’nuyu funktsiyu cheloveka: Monografiya (Physiological Effects of Methods for Directed Influence on the Human Respiratory Function: Monograph), Volgograd, 2004.
Solopov, I.N., Sentyabrev, N.N., Gorbaneva, E.P., and Kamchatnikov, A.G., Funktsional’nye svoistva podgotovlennosti athletesov i ikh optimizatsiya: Monografiya (Functional Properties of Preparedness of Athletes and Their Optimization: Monograph), Volgograd, 2009.
Solopov, I.N. and Shlyapnikov, A.M., Increase in the Reserves of the Respiratory System and Special Working Capacity in Swimmers by Means of Training with Respiration through External Dead Space, in Voprosy povysheniya effektivnosti podgotovki yunykh athletesov (The Problems of the Efficiency of Training Young Athletes), Volgograd, 1986, p. 120.
Chenegin, V.M., Mediko-biologicheskie osnovy podgotovki yunykh athletesov: Uchebnoe posobie (Biomedical Basis of Training Young Athletes: A Handbook), Volgograd, 1983.
Shamardin, A.A., Chemov, V.V., Shamardin, A.I., and Solopov, I.N., Primenenie ergogenicheskikh sredstv v podgotovke athletesov: Monografiya (Application of Ergogenic Means in the Training of Athletes: Monograph), Saratov, 2008.
Shamardin, A.I., Optimizatsiya funktsional’noi podgotovlennosti futbolistov: Monografiya (Optimization of Functional Preparedness of Soccer Players: Monograph), Volgograd, 2000.
Grimby, G., Respiration as a Limiting Factor of Working Capacity, Pneumonologie, 1976, vol. 5, p. 11.
Lin, C.J., Tissue Oxygen and Carbon Dioxide Partial Pressure in Normal Subjects during Hyperventilation, Chung Hua Nei Ko Tsa Chin., 1983, vol. 22, no. 4, p. 201.
Magel, J.R., McArdle, W.D., Weiss, N.L., et al., Heart Rate Response to Apnea and Face Immersion, J. Sports Med. and Phys. Fitness, 1982, vol. 22, no. 2, p. 135.
Sackner, J.D., Nixon, A.J., Davis, B., et al., Effects of Breathing through External Dead Space on Ventilation at Rest and during Exercise, Am. Rev. Respir. Disease, 1980, vol. 122, no. 6, p. 933.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Additional information
Original Russian Text © A.I. Solopov, E.P. Gorbaneva, A.A. Vlasov, S.A. Voskresenskii, 2010, published in Aviakosmicheskaya i Ekologicheskaya Meditsina, 2010, Vol. 44, No. 5, pp. 28–33.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Solopov, A.I., Gorbaneva, E.P., Vlasov, A.A. et al. Functional reaction of the human body to different ways of respiration regulation. Hum Physiol 38, 788–793 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1134/S0362119712070225
Received:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1134/S0362119712070225