Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

The Effect of Plunging Water of Waves on the Entrainment of Spilled Oil at Sea

  • HYDROPHYSIC
  • Published:
Water Resources Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

The study of oil entrainment mechanism is the basis of the vertical process modeling of spilled oil at sea. In order to reveal the effect of plunging breaking waves, a dripping water experiment on the oil film on static water was designed. It is found that with the increase of the dripping effect, the oil film will form a puddle, or a bubble, or droplets in the water. It can be deduced from the entrainment conditions and morphology of oil that the weak wave reduces the strength of the oil film by stretching and destroying its continuity, and then entrains oil into water through repeated action. The inhomogeneity of the experimental oil affects its viscosity and interface tension to the degrees of 26.3 and 60.7%, respectively, thus affecting its strength. Apparent viscosity and interface tension are then suggested to improve the accuracy of the entrainment model of spilled oil.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1.
Fig. 2.
Fig. 3.
Fig. 4.
Fig. 5.

Similar content being viewed by others

REFERENCES

  1. Buist, I., An experimental study of the dispersion of oil slicks into the water column, MSc Thesis, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada, 1979. http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0025-326X(16)30823-2/rf0025

    Google Scholar 

  2. C. Li, Miller, J., Wang, J., Koley, S.S., and Katz, J., Size distribution and dispersion of droplets generated by impingement of breaking waves on oil slicks, JGR Oceans, 2017, vol. 122, pp. 7938–7957. https://doi.org/10.1002/2017JC013193

    Article  Google Scholar 

  3. Etkin, D.S., Analysis of oil spill trends in the United States and worldwide, Int. Oil Spill Conf. Proc. 2001, 1291–1300. https://doi.org/10.7901/2169-3358-2001-2-1291.

  4. Fingas, M., Oil Spill Science and Technology, Gulf Professional Publishing, 2010.

    Google Scholar 

  5. Hanifeh Imanian, Morteza Kolahdoozan, Amir Reza Zarrati, Vertical dispersion process of oil spills, Asia-Pacific Conf. on Information Technology and Ocean Engineering, 2011.

    Google Scholar 

  6. Haoshuai Li, Long Meng, Tiantian Shen, Jianrui Zhang, Mutai Bao, and Peiyan Sun, The formation process and responsive impacts of single oil droplet in submerged process, Mar. Pollut. Bull., 2017, vol. 124(1), pp. 139–146. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2017.06.083

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. Johansen, Ø., Brandvik, P.J., and Farooq, U., 2013. Droplet breakup in subsea oil releases-Part 2: Predictions of droplet size distributions with and without injection of chemical dispersants. Mar. Pollut. Bull., 73, 327–335. http://refhub.elsevier.com/ S0025-326X(15)00116-2/h0050.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. Johansen, Ø., Reed, M., and Bodsberg, N. R., Natural dispersion revisited, Mar. Pollut. Bull., 2015, no. 93, pp. 20–26. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2015.02.026

  9. Jorge Ramírez, Saeed Moghimi, Juan M. Restrepo, and Shankar Venkataramani, Modelling the mass exchange dynamics of oceanic surface and subsurface oil, Ocean Model., 2018, vol. 129, pp. 1–12. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ocemod.2018.06.004

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. Kaku, V., Boufadel, M., and Venosa, A., Evaluation of mixing energy in laboratory flasks used for dispersant effectiveness testing. J. Environ. Eng., 2006, vol. 132, pp. 93–101. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9372(2006)132:1(93)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. Li, Z., Lee, K., King, T., Boufadel, M.C., and Venosa, A.D., Oil droplet size distribution as a function of energy dissipation rate in an experimental wave tank, Int. Oil Spill Conf. Proc., 2008, pp. 621–626. https://doi.org/10.7901/2169-3358-2008-1-621

  12. Li, Z., Lee, K., King, T., Boufadel, M.C., and Venosa, A.D., Evaluating chemical dispersant efficacy in an experimental wave tank: 2-significant factors determining in situ oil droplet size distribution, Environ. Eng. Sci. 2009, vol. 26, pp. 1407–1418. https://doi.org/10.1089/ees.2008.0408

    Article  Google Scholar 

  13. Li, Z., Lee, K., Kepkey, P.E., Mikkelsen, O., and Pottsmith, C., Monitoring dispersed oil droplet size distribution at the Gulf of Mexico Deepwater Horizon spill site, Int. Oil Spill Conf. Proc., 2011, abs 377. https://doi.org/10.7901/2169-3358-2011-1-377

  14. Li, Z., Spaulding, M. L., and French-McCay, D., An algorithm for modeling entrainment and naturally and chemically dispersed oil droplet size distribution under surface breaking wave conditions, Mar. Pollut. Bull., 2017, vol. 119, pp. 145–152. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2017.03.048

    Article  Google Scholar 

  15. Malcolm L., Spaulding, State of the art review and future directions in oil spill modeling. Mar. Pollut. Bull., 2017, vol. 115, pp. 7–19. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2017.01.001

    Article  Google Scholar 

  16. Nissanka, I.D. and Yapa, P.D., Oil slicks on water surface: Breakup, coalescence, and droplet formation under breaking waves, Mar. Pollut. Bull., 2016, vol. 114, pp. 480–493. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2016.10.006

    Article  Google Scholar 

  17. Pan, Z., Zhao, L., Boufadel, M. C., King, T., Robinson, B., Conmy, R., and Lee, K., Impact of mixing time and energy on the dispersion effectiveness and droplets size of oil, Chemosphere, 2017, vol. 166, pp. 246–254. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2016.09.052

    Article  Google Scholar 

  18. Reed, M., Johansen, Ø., and Leirvik, F., Natural Dispersion of Heavy Oil Products and Weathered Crude Oils, Presented at the Interspill Conf., 2009. http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0025-326X(16)30823-2/rf0270.

  19. Reed, M., Johansen, Ø., Leirvik, F., and Brørs, B., Numerical Algorithm to Compute the Effects of Breaking Wave on Surface Oil Spilled at Sea. SINTEF, Trondheim, Norway, 2009. http://refhub.elsevier.com/ S0025-326X-(16)30823-2/rf0275.

    Google Scholar 

  20. Shaw, J.M., A microscopic view of oil slick break-up and emulsion formation in breaking waves, Spill Sci. Technol. Bull., 2003, vol. 8, pp. 491–501. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1353-2561(03)00061-6

    Article  Google Scholar 

  21. Zatsepa, S.N., Ivchenko, A.A., Korotenko, K.A., Solbakov, V.V., and Stanovoy, V.V., Phenomenological model of natural dispersion of an oil spill in the sea and some associated parameterization processes. Oceanology, 2018, vol. 58, pp. 769–777. https://doi.org/10.1134/S0001437018060152

    Article  Google Scholar 

  22. Tor Nordam, Ruben Kristiansen, Raymond Nepstad, and Johannes Rohrs, Numerical analysis of boundary conditions in a Lagrangian particle model for vertical mixing, transport and surfacing of buoyant particles in the water column, Ocean Modelling, 2019, vol. 136, pp. 107–119. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ocemod.2019.03.003

    Article  Google Scholar 

  23. Zeinstra-Helfrich, M., Koops, W., Dijkstra, K., and Murk, A.J., Quantification of the effect of oil layer thickness on entrainment of surface oil, Mar. Pollut. Bull., 2015, vol. 96, pp. 401–409. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2015.04.015

    Article  Google Scholar 

  24. Zeinstra-Helfrich, M., Koops, W., and Murk, A.J., The NET effect of dispersants—a critical review of testing and modelling of surface oil dispersion, Mar. Pollut. Bull., 2015, vol. 100, pp. 102–111. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2015.09.022

    Article  Google Scholar 

  25. Zeinstra-Helfrich, M., Koops, W., and Murk, A.J., How oil properties and layer thickness determine the entrainment of spilled surface oil, Mar. Pollut. Bull., 2016, vol. 110, no. 1, pp. 184–193. http://refhub.elsevier.com/S0025-326X(17)30580-5/rf0170.

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Funding

This study was funded by the National Basic Research Program of China (2016YFC1402301), the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (3 132 019 329).

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Dalian Maritime University, 116026, Dalian, China

    Zhiyu Yan, Hongrui Fu, Zhaowei Wang, Bing Sun & Jie Ren

Authors
  1. Zhiyu Yan
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Hongrui Fu
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Zhaowei Wang
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Bing Sun
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Jie Ren
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Zhiyu Yan.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Zhiyu Yan, Fu, H., Wang, Z. et al. The Effect of Plunging Water of Waves on the Entrainment of Spilled Oil at Sea. Water Resour 48, 41–47 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1134/S0097807821010280

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Revised:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1134/S0097807821010280

Keywords:

Search

Navigation