Abstract
Investigations were performed of heat transfer to a forced upward flow of mercury in a tube inserted into a heated channel with a rectangular cross-section under the effect of a transverse magnetic field. The outer channel is filled with mercury and connected to a natural circulation loop. Liquid metal heat transfer is simulated in a cell of the cooling system of the channel-type liquid metal blanket for a Tokamak fusion reactor. Experimental data on temperature fields and heat-transfer performance in the inner tube and the outer channel were obtained in the mercury magnetohydrodynamic test rig using microthermocouple probes. Three different cases of natural circulation loop operation are examined: (I) the loop is off, convective flow can occur only in the space between the tube and the channel wall; (II) the loop is open and operates under adiabatic conditions; (III) the loop is open, water cooling is on. The results of measurement in the inner tube demonstrate that heat transfer in the tube-in-channel system is enhanced compared to the heat transfer in a separate tube both with and without a magnetic field. Under the experimental conditions, natural convection is induced by the buoyancy and electromagnetic forces in the gap between the tube and the channel wall. The configuration and structure of the flow in the gap change drastically in a transverse magnetic field, and the heat-transfer rate depends on the operating conditions in the natural circulation loop. Convection reduces temperature nonuniformities in the gap, and the heat transfer in the investigated “tube-in-channel” enhances greater when the natural circulation loop is activated and, especially, when it is additionally cooled. Low-frequency high-amplitude fluctuations induced by the instability of the natural convection and magnetohydrodynamic flows are observed in the gap.
Similar content being viewed by others
REFERENCES
R. N. Lyon and H. Poppendiek, “Liquid-metal heat transfer,” in Liquid-Metals Handbook (U.S. Atomic Energy Commission, Washington, DC, 1951).
N. I. Buleev, V. A. Mosolova, and L. D. El’tsova, “On turbulent liquid flows in annular and flat ducts,” Teplofiz. Vys. Temp. 5, 630–639 (1967).
V. I. Subbotin, V. D. Talanov, and P. A. Ushakov, “Influence of eccentricity on liquid metal heat transfer in an annular duct,” in Liquid Metals: Collection of Papers, Ed. by P. L. Kirillov, V. I. Subbotin, and P. A. Ushakov (Atomizdat, Moscow, 1967). pp. 111–122 [in Russian].
W. Harrison and J. Menke, “Heat transfer to liquid metals flowing in asymmetrically heated channels,” Trans. ASME 71, 797–802 (1949). https://doi.org/10.1115/1.4017228
V. I. Subbotin, P. A. Ushakov, and I. P. Sviridenko, “Investigation of heat exchange in connection with a turbulent flow of mercury in an annular duct,” At. Energy 9, 851–854 (1960).
A. V. Beznosov, A. S. Chernysh, S. I. Sergeev, A. I. Zudin, and T. A. Bokova, “Experimental investigation of heat transfer from HLMC medium under atmospheric pressure,” Vopr. At. Nauki Tekh., Ser.: Yad.-Reakt. Konst., No. 4, 75–83 (2016).
A. V. Beznosov, A. A. Molodtsov, A. V. Nazarov, S. Yu. Savinov, and O. O. Kudrin, “Investigation of heat transfer from a lead heat carrier to a tube streamlined longitudinally,” Thermophys. Aeromech. 14, 411–418 (2007).
H. R. Mozayyeni and A. B. Rahimi, “Mixed convection in cylindrical annulus with rotating outer cylinder and constant magnetic field with an effect in the radial direction,” Sci. Iran. 19, 91–105 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scient.2011.12.006
H. Teimouri, M. Afrand, N. Sina, A. Rrimipour, and A. H. Meghdadi Isfahani, “Natural convection of liquid metal in a horizontal cylindrical annulus under radial magnetic field,” Int. J. Appl. Electromagn. Mech. 49, 453–461 (2015). https://doi.org/10.3233/JAE-150028
M. Sankar, M. Venkatachalappa, and I. S. Shivakumara, “Effect of magnetic field on natural convection in a vertical cylindrical annulus,” Int. J. Eng. Sci. 44, 1556–1570 (2006). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijengsci.2006.06.004
W. Wrobel, E. Fornalik-Wajs, and J. S. Szmyd, “Experimental and numerical analysis of thermo-magnetic convection in a vertical annular enclosure,” Int. J. Heat Fluid Flow 31, 1019–1031 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijheatfluidflow.2010.05.012
A. Kumar and A. K. Singh, “Effect of induced magnetic field on natural convection in vertical concentric annuli heated/cooled asymmetrically,” J. Appl. Fluid Mech. 6, 15–26 (2013).
M. Afrand, “3-D numerical investigation of natural convection in a tilted cylindrical annulus containing molten potassium and controlling it using various magnetic fields,” Int. J. Appl. Electromagn. Mech. 46, 809–821 (2014). https://doi.org/10.3233/JAE-141975
L. Todd, “Hartmann flow in an annular channel,” J. Fluid Mech. 28, 371–384 (1967). https://doi.org/10.1017/S0022112067002137
H. Kumamaru, “Magnetic pressure drop and heat transfer of liquid metal flow in annular channel under transverse magnetic field,” J. Nucl. Sci. Technol. 21, 393–400 (1984).
L. Bühler, Poloidal MHD Flow in the European TAURO Blanket Concept (Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe, Karlsruhe, 1999).
L. Bühler and C. Mistrangelo, “MHD flow and heat transfer in model geometries for WCLL blankets,” Fusion Eng. Des. 124, 919–923 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fusengdes.2017.01.014
H. Chen, T. Zhou, H. Zhang, and Z. Meng, “Numerical investigation of liquid metal magnetohydrodynamic flow in multilayer flow channel inserts,” Fusion Eng. Des. 88, 2939–2944 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fusengdes.2013.06.006
L. G. Genin and V. G. Sviridov, Hydrodynamics and Heat Transfer of MHD-Flows in Channels (Mosk. Energ. Inst., Moscow, 2001) [in Russian].
N. A. Luchinkin, N. G. Razuvanov, I. A. Belyaev, and V. G. Sviridov, “Heat transfer in liquid metal at an upward flow in a pipe in transverse magnetic field,” High Temp. 58, 400–409 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1134/S0018151X20030128
I. A. Belyaev, Yu. P. Ivochkin, Ya. I. Listratov, N. G. Razuvanov, and V. G. Sviridov, “Temperature fluctuations in a liquid metal MHD-flow in a horizontal inhomogeneously heated tube,” High Temp. 53, 734–741 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1134/S0018151X15050041
I. I. Poddubnyi, N. Yu. Pyatnitskaya, N. G. Razuvanov, V. G. Sviridov, E. V. Sviridov, A. Yu. Leshukov, K. V. Aleskovskii, and D. M. Obukhov, “Research of heat transfer regimes in liquid metal flow in the conditions of a thermonuclear reactor,” Vopr. At. Nauki Tekh., Ser.: Termoyad. Sint. 38 (3), 5–15 (2015).
I. A. Belyaev, I. I. Poddubnyi, N. G. Razuvanov, and V. G. Sviridov, “Evaluation of temperature fluctuations influence on the structure of a tokamak-reactor liquid metal blanket module,” Vopr. At. Nauki Tekh., Ser.: Termoyad. Sint. 41 (1), 41–52 (2018). https://doi.org/10.21517/0202-3822-2018-41-1-41-52
I. A. Belyaev, D. A. Biryukov, N. Y. Pyatnitskaya, N. G. Razuvanov, E. V. Sviridov, and V. G. Sviridov, “A technique for scanning probe measurement of temperature fields in a liquid flow,” Therm. Eng. 66, 377–387 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1134/S0040601519060016
Funding
The work was funded by the Russian Science Foundation (grant no. 22-29-00878).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
Translated by T. Krasnoshchekova
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Luchinkin, N.A., Razuvanov, N.G. & Polyanskaya, O.N. Heat Transfer in a “Tube-in-Channel” Combined System with an Upward Flow of Liquid Metal in a Transverse Magnetic Field. Therm. Eng. 70, 809–822 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1134/S0040601523100038
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1134/S0040601523100038