Abstract—
The development of new, heat-resistant high-chromium martensitic steels and mastering their production and use at the end of the last century made it possible to construct thermal power equipment for a steam temperature of 600–620°C. The manufacture of equipment made of these steels is supported by the necessary regulatory documents, and there is a positive experience of its long-term operation. An analysis and generalization of the results obtained from tests of steel grades P91 and Di82 for long-term strength have shown that the obtained values are in compliance with the requirements of Russian and European standards for using them at elevated steam parameters. However, the heat resistance properties of these steels at temperatures below 550°C are somewhat lower than the level stipulated by the European standard. As a result of a regression analysis of an experimental data array, an approximation in the form of a fifth-degree polynomial is proposed, which establishes the material service life dependence on temperature and stress for P91 and Di82 steels. In the course of investigations carried out at the All-Russia Thermal Engineering Institute (VTI), the main regularities pertinent to the development of the deformation and destruction processes in these steels under creep conditions were established. Specific correlations between the accumulated creep deformation and the metal microdamage degree with linking them to the worked-out service life fraction were established. These results formed the basis of the developed scale for classifying the chromium steel microdamage during long-term operation. The practical application of this scale opens the possibility to assess the service life exhaustion stage based on the scheduled diagnostics results, thereby contributing to achieving better operational reliability of equipment made of martensitic chromium steels. In Russia and in other industrially developed countries, a scientific and technical base has been created for manufacturing advanced equipment made of new chromium steels that allow this equipment to operate at temperatures up to 640°С. It is necessary to continue studies of the service characteristics of these new steels for their further improvement and subsequent introduction into production.
Similar content being viewed by others
REFERENCES
T. G. Berezina and I. I. Trunin, “Relationship between the maximum permissible creep deformation and damage to the material of steam lines,” Metalloved. Term. Obrab. Met., No. 12, 24–29 (1980).
V. F. Zlepko, M. M. Melamed, and T. A. Shvetsova, “Features of long-term fracture of heat-resistant steels under creep conditions,” Metalloved. Term. Obrab. Met., No. 12, 16–21 (1980).
N. V. Bugai, T. G. Berezina, and I. I. Trunin, Serviceability and Durability of Metal of Power Equipment (Energoatomizdat, Moscow, 1994) [in Russian].
C. Maharaj, J. P. Dear, and A. Morris, “A review of methods to estimate creep damage in low-alloy steel power station steam pipes,” Strain 45, 316–331 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-1305.2008.00465.x
W. Bendick, L. Cipolla, J. Gabrel, and J. Hald, “New ECCC assessment of creep rupture strength for steel grade X10CrMoVNb9-1 (grade 91),” Int. J. Pressure Vessels Piping 87, 304–309 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpvp.2010.03.010
K. Laha, K. S. Chandravathi, P. Parameswaran, K. Bhanu Sankara Rao, and S. L. Mannan, “Characterization of microstructures across the heart-affected zone of the modified 9Cr-1Mo weld joint to understand its role in promoting type IV cracking,” Metall. Mater. Trans. A 38, 58–68 (2007). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11661-006-9050-0
A. V. Dub, V. N. Skorobogatykh, and I. A. Shchenkova, “New heat-resistant chromium steels for a promising objects of power engineering,” Therm. Eng. 55, 594–601 (2008).
V. F. Rezinskikh and A. V. Pchelintsev, “Investigating the service characteristics of grade 10Kh9V2MFBR-Sh steel,” Therm. Eng. 57, 34–40 (2010).
V. N. Skorobogatykh, I. A. Shchenkova, P. A. Kozlov, T. V. Tykochinskaya, M. S. Nakhabina, and V. A. Dub, “New heat-resistant steels for ultra-supercritical power plants,” Tyazh. Mashinostr., No. 3, 29–34 (2011).
J. Hald, “Microstructure and long-term creep properties of 9–12% Cr steels,” Int. J. Pressure Vessels Piping 85, 30–37 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpvp.2007.06.010
K. Yamamoto, “Coal boilers for prospective power units,” Elektr. Stn., No. 5, 8–11 (2019). https://doi.org/10.34831/EP.2019.1054.44166
CEN EN 10216-2:2013+A1-2019. Seamless Steel Tubes for Pressure Purposes — Technical Delivery Conditions. Part 2: Non-Alloy and Alloy Steel Tubes with Specified Elevated Temperature Properties, EN 10216-2 (CEN, 2002). http://docs.cntd.ru/document/564111128
E. A. Grin’, A. E. Anokhov, A. V. Pchelintsev, and E.‑T. Kryuger, “Study of the structure and properties of metal of the major steam lines of a CCGT-420 unit made from high-chromium X10CrMoVNb9-1 (P91) steel,” Therm. Eng. 63, 471–480 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1134/S0040601516070028
STO TsKTI 10.003–2007. Steam and Hot Water Pipelines of Thermal Stations. General Technical Requirements for Manufacturing (With Amendments No. 1, 2, 3), Introduced September 1, 2009 (IPP Ladoga, St. Petersburg, 2010). http://docs.cntd.ru/document/1200064958
E. A. Grin’, V. I. Bochkarev, A. V. Pchelintsev, and K. K. Kreitser, “Long-term strength of metal and resource characteristics of steam pipelines of chromium steels,” Elektr. Stn., No. 5, 45–49 (2019). https://doi.org/10.34831/EP.2019.1054.44172
M. Boder, J. R. Thumer, and K. Glassenap, “9% chromium steel P91 and P92 in German power plants — From 1991 to the present day,” VGB PowerTech, No. 7, 51–58 (2013).
A. B. Popov, “Some peculiarities of practical use of products from P91 [1] grade steel (review of publications),” Energetik, No. 2, 49–55 (2015).
A. B. Popov, “Some practical aspects of use of P91-grade steel in Russian power industry,” Energetik, No. 1, 49–55 (2016).
Y. Liu, S. Tsukamoto, T. Shirane, and F. Abe, “Formation mechanism of type IV failure in high Cr ferritic heat-resistant steel-welded joint,” Metall. Mater. Trans. A 44, 4626–4633 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11661-013-1801-0
M. F. Demenin, “On repair of welded joints of chromium heat-resistant steels T91/P91 during operation,” Elektr. Stn., No. 11, 24–27 (2018).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding authors
Additional information
Translated by V. Filatov
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Grin’, E.A., Pchelintsev, A.V., Kreitser, K.K. et al. Thermal and Mechanical Equipment Safety and Operational Reliability. Therm. Eng. 68, 504–509 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1134/S0040601521060045
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1134/S0040601521060045