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Potentialities of Membrane Water Treatment for Removing Organic Pollutants from Natural Water

  • WATER TREATMENT AND WATER CHEMISTRY
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Abstract

The potentialities of using ultrafiltration, nanofiltration, and reverse-osmosis membranes for removing organic compounds from water are considered. Experimental results obtained by the authors and the information taken from the literature characterizing the interaction between membranes and organic compounds contained in natural water are presented. Data are obtained concerning the efficiency of different membrane technologies in the removal of organic compounds from natural water. The growth rate of the deposits of organic substances having different molecular weight has been studied. The effect of the membrane’s material and the hydrodynamic mode of the membrane’s operation on the formation rate of organic deposits has been demonstrated. The influence of these substances’ nature, their concentration in natural water, and the molecular weight thereof on the deposition rate on membranes have been revealed. In the experiments, tap water taken from the Moscow water supply and river water were used. The results of the authors’ experiments and the results obtained by other Russian and foreign researchers presented in the paper make it possible to consider ultrafiltration as a reliable way to retain organic macromolecules as well as finely dispersed and colloidal impurities. With retaining low-molecular organic compounds that determine the color of water, ultrafiltration is restricted. In the synthesis of nanofiltration membranes, films with different pore size and charge are used. Therefore, for a specific water source and water consumer, an individual choice of nanofiltration membranes is required, a wide range of which is available in the market. Nanofiltration membranes of the NE-90 and NE-70 types for surface waters having a color of 20–100 degrees provide a 85 and 75% decrease in the oxidability level, respectively. According to the results of studies concerning the efficiency of artesian water purification, domestic OPMN-K nanofiltration membranes can also profoundly purify water from natural organic compounds. Among all the membranes used in the water treatment technology, reverse-osmosis membranes have the smallest pore size; their use provides retaining organic compounds with a molecular weight lower than 100 Da. The studies have shown that reverse-osmosis membranes exhibit a 99.5% retention level for the compounds with a molecular weight of 150 Da and a 99.9% retention level for the compounds with a molecular weight higher than 1000 Da. To reveal the nature and concentration of organic compounds deposited on the membranes, water spectrograms have been used.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. OKB Gidropress, 142103, Podolsk, Moscow oblast, Russia

    E. B. Jurchevsky

  2. National Research Moscow State University of Civil Engineering, 129337, Moscow, Russia

    A. G. Pervov

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  1. E. B. Jurchevsky
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  2. A. G. Pervov
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Correspondence to E. B. Jurchevsky.

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Translated by O. Polyakov

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Jurchevsky, E.B., Pervov, A.G. Potentialities of Membrane Water Treatment for Removing Organic Pollutants from Natural Water. Therm. Eng. 67, 484–491 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1134/S0040601520070095

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1134/S0040601520070095

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