Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Flow-Accelerated Corrosion Wear of Power-Generating Equipment: Investigations, Prediction, and Prevention: 2. Prediction and Prevention of General and Local Flow-Accelerated Corrosion

  • Metals and Strength Analysis
  • Published:
Thermal Engineering Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

The second part of this review considers physicochemical models and computer codes used for predicting flow-accelerated corrosion wear of power generating equipment. Approaches used to prevent the occurrence of general and local flow-accelerated corrosion that are based on selecting metals resistant to flow-accelerated corrosion and adjusting the water chemistry of power units are also discussed. The existing computer codes use physicochemical models of flow-accelerated corrosion and statistical data on damages inflicted to power units due to flow-accelerated corrosion processes. Advantages and drawbacks of different analytical physicochemical models describing the flow-accelerated corrosion process are pointed out together with the specific features of using them in elaborating flow-accelerated corrosion computing codes. It is shown that the processes lying at the heart of the flow-accelerated corrosion mechanism include, on the one hand, the occurrence of a protective oxide layer on the metal surface and, on the other hand, the dissolution of this layer and carryover of dissolution products in the flow. Differences between the processes through which metal undergoes flow-accelerated corrosion in a single-phase water flow and in a two-phase wet steam flow are analyzed. Thus, the redistribution of admixtures and gases between the phases that takes place in two-phase media may cause a change in the pH values, thereby significantly influencing the flow-accelerated corrosion rate. In addition, the rate with which flow-accelerated corrosion products are carried over into a two-phase stream depends on the liquid film flow mode on the streamlined surface. The flow-accelerated corrosion rate computing codes most widely known around the world, including the COMSY code (Germany), CHECWORKS SFA code (United States), BRT-CICEROTM code (France), and RAMEK code (Russia) are considered. Their specific features and application limits are pointed out. Information on the effect the content of chromium, molybdenum, and copper has on the flow-accelerated corrosion rate is given. It is shown that the choice of metals resistant to flow-accelerated corrosion is a combined technical and economic problem, and the way in which it is solved has an effect on the safety and reliability of power unit operation. It is pointed out that the liquid phase pH value is essentially affected by the steam wetness degree if the latter exceeds 20%.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. B. Chexal, J. Horowitz, R. Jones, B. Dooley, C. Wood, M. Bouchacourt, F. Remy, F. Nordmann, and P. Saint-Paul, Flow-Accelerated Corrosion in Power Plants, Electric Power Research Institute Report TR-106611 (1996).

    Google Scholar 

  2. Ph. Berge, J. Ducreux, and P. Saint-Paul, “Effects of chemistry on corrosion-erosion of steels in water and wet steam,” in Proc. 2nd Int. Conf. on Water Chemistry of Nuclear Reactor Systems, Bournemouth, UK, Oct. 14–17, 1980 (British Nuclear Energy Society, London, 1981), pp. 5–18.

    Google Scholar 

  3. F. H. Sweeton and S. F. Baes, Jr., “The solubility of magnetite and hydrolysis of ferrous ion in aqueous solutions at elevated temperatures,” J. Chem. Termodyn. 2, 479–500 (1970). doi 10.1016/0021-9614(70)90098-4

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. H. Keller, “Erosions Corrosion an Nassdampfturbien,” VGB Kraftwerkstech. 54, 292–295 (1974).

    Google Scholar 

  5. H. Heitmann and W. Kastner, “Erosionskorrosion in Wasser-Dampfkreisläufen—Ursachen und Gegenmaβnahmen,” VGB. Kraftwerkstech. 62, 211–219 (1982).

    Google Scholar 

  6. L. E. Sanchez-Caldera, Ph.D Thesis (Massachusetts Inst. of Technology, Cambridge, 1984).

  7. G. V. Tomarov and A. A. Shipkov, “Simulation of physicochemical processes of erosion-corrosion of metals in two-phase flows,” Therm. Eng. 49, 530–541 (2002).

    Google Scholar 

  8. G. Bignold, K. Garbett, and I. Woolsey, “Mechanistic aspects of the temperature dependence of erosion-corrosion,” in Proc. Int. Specialists Meeting on Erosion-Corrosion of Steels in High Temperature Water and Wet Steam, Les Renardieres, France, May, 1982 (Chatou, 1982), paper no.12.

    Google Scholar 

  9. G. Cragnolino, C. Czajkowski, and W. Shack, “Review of erosion-corrosion in single-phase flow,” Argonne National Laboratory Technical Report NUREG/CR-5156 ANL-88-25 (Argonne National Laboratory, IL, 1988).

    Google Scholar 

  10. D. Smith, “CHECWORKSTM Version 4.0,” in Proc. Int. Conf. on Flow Accelerated Corrosion, Avignon, France, May 21–24, 2013.

  11. Flow Accelerated Corrosion Program CHECWORKS Analysis Enhancement, Technical Report No. 00130-TR-001 (2000).

  12. W. Kastner and K. Riedle, “Empirisches Model zur Berechnung von Materialabtragen durch Erosions Corrosion,” VGB Kraftwerkstech. 66, 1171–1178 (1986).

    Google Scholar 

  13. A. Zander, “Assessment of material degradation in the CRD system of a NPP with the software program COMSY,” in Proc. Int. Conf. on Flow Accelerated Corrosion, Lyon, France, May 4–7, 2010.

  14. H. Nopper, “Evaluation of wall thinning affects caused by the superposition FAC and liquid droplet impingement with the COMSY code,” in Proc. Int. Conf. on Flow Accelerated Corrosion, Lyon, France, May 4–7, 2010.

  15. S. Trevin and M.-P. Moutrille, “Optimization of EDF’s NPPs maintenance due to flow accelerated corrosion and BRT-CICEROTM by NTD results analysis,” in Proc. 18th World Conf. on Nondestructive Testing, Durban, South Africa, 16–20 April 2012.

  16. O. A. Povarov and G. V. Tomarov, “Flow accelerated corrosion of power generating equipment metals in one-and two-phase flows,” Tyazh. Mashinostr., No. 2, 16–21 (2002).

    Google Scholar 

  17. V. N. Lovchev, D. F. Gutsev, G. V. Tomarov, and A. A. Shipkov, “Improvement and optimization of techniques for monitoring erosion-corrosion wear of equipment and pipelines at nuclear power stations,” Therm. Eng. 56, 134–141 (2009).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  18. G. V. Tomarov and A. A. Shipkov, “The matrix of hydrodynamic coefficients and local flow accelerated corrosion zones in NPP and TPP components,” Energosber. Vodopodg., No. 3 (53), 17–22 (2008).

    Google Scholar 

  19. G. V. Tomarov and A. A. Shipkov, “Hydrodynamic coefficients and metal local flow accelerated corrosion zones in two-phase flows circulating in the NPP and TPP process circuits,” Tyazh. Mashinostr., No. 7, 10–16 (2009).

    Google Scholar 

  20. G. Tomarov and A. Shipkov, “Computational modeling of metal local erosion-corrosion by means of the RAMEC software set,” in Proc. of IAEA Workshop on Erosion-Corrosion Including Flow Accelerated Corrosion and Environmentally Assisted Cracking. Issues in NPPs., Moscow, Russia, April 21–23, 2009.

  21. G. V. Tomarov, A. A. Shipkov, and M. V. Kasimovskii, “The kinetic-migration approach in simulating local flow accelerated corrosion of power plant pipeline and equipment elements,” Energosber. Vodopodg., No. 6 (44), 27–31 (2006).

    Google Scholar 

  22. Residual Chromium Effects on Flow-Accelerated Corrosion of Carbon Steel: Results of an Experimental Program Conducted in Electricite de France’s CICERO Loop (EPRI, Palo Alto, CA and Electricite de France, Moret Sur Loing, France, 2006).

  23. J. Ducreux, “Theoretical and experimental investigation of the effect of chemical composition of steels on their erosion-corrosion resistance,” in Proc. Specialist’s Meeting on Corrosion-Erosion of Steels in High Temperature Water and Wet Steam. Les Renardieres, May 11–12 1982, Paper No.19.

  24. L. Dejoux, S. Trevin, A. Tigeras, O. Alos-Ramos, and P.-Y. Lemettre, “Flamanville 3 EPR: FAC-free by design,: in Proc. FAC-2013, Avignon, France, May 21–24, 2013.

  25. NSAC-202L-R2: Recommendations for an Effective Flow Acceleration Corrosion Program (EPRI, Palo Alto, CA, April 1999).

  26. V. F. Tyapkov and S. F. Erpyleva, “Water chemistry of the secondary circuit at a nuclear power station with a VVER power reactor,” Therm. Eng. 64, 357–363 (2017).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  27. K. Fujimara, M. Domae, K. Yoneda, T. Inada, and K. Hisamune, “Correlation of flow accelerated corrosion rate with iron solubility,” Nucl. Eng. and Design, 241 (11), 4482–4486 (2011).

    Google Scholar 

  28. G. V. Tomarov and A. A. Shipkov, “The diagram of pH values in the liquid and steam phases during a change in the aggregate state of H2O in the process circuit of nuclear and thermal power stations,” Therm. Eng. 57, 579–587 (2010).

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. OOO Geoterm-M, Moscow, 111250, Russia

    G. V. Tomarov, A. A. Shipkov & T. N. Komissarova

Authors
  1. G. V. Tomarov
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. A. A. Shipkov
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. T. N. Komissarova
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to G. V. Tomarov.

Additional information

Original Russian Text © G.V. Tomarov, A.A. Shipkov, T.N. Komissarova, 2018, published in Teploenergetika.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Tomarov, G.V., Shipkov, A.A. & Komissarova, T.N. Flow-Accelerated Corrosion Wear of Power-Generating Equipment: Investigations, Prediction, and Prevention: 2. Prediction and Prevention of General and Local Flow-Accelerated Corrosion. Therm. Eng. 65, 504–514 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1134/S0040601518080074

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1134/S0040601518080074

Keywords

Search

Navigation