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Ecological, Geographic, and Genetic Differentiation and Management Units of Chum Salmon Oncorhynchus keta of the Southern Kuril Islands

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Abstract—

Six ecogeographic units are verified in chum salmon Oncorhynchus keta (Walbaum, 1792) that spawns in the rivers of Iturup and Kunashir islands based on the zoogeographical zoning: of the physical-geographical regions of their spawning, certain ecological forms (ecotypes), and genetic differences between them. These are lake chum salmon of Lake Sopochnoe, river chum salmon from the basins of the Reidovaya and Kurilka rivers (Iturup Island), and river and lake forms of chum salmon of the Kunashir Island. The river chum salmon of Rybatskaya River (Iturup Island), eligible for protection due to its genetic uniqueness, is defined as a special (sixth) ecogeographic unit. These ecogeographic units are finally verified via assessment of their differentiation on the basis of DNA markers. In addition, the chum salmon of the Kuibyshevka River basin, water bodies north of Vetrovoe Isthmus, and those in the southern portion of the island should possibly be classified as additional ecogeographic units; however, their genetic features are understudied, which hinders their reliable verification. All listed ecogeographic units as a whole can be viewed as basic management units for the chum salmon of the southern Kuril Islands. The lake ecotype of Kuril Islands is liable for protection and careful approach to fishery and reproduction as a unique form of chum salmon of the Far East.

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ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

We are grateful to the personnel of “Sakhalinrybvod” (Sakhalin Branch of the Federal State Budgetary Institution “Glavrybvod”, Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk), “Reidovyi” and “Kurilskii” salmon hatcheries (Iturup Island), Kurils Nature Reserve (Kunashir Island), and Laboratory of Genetic Basis of Identification of Vavilov Institute of General Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences, as well as to S.V. Sidorova (Sakhalin-Kuril Territorial Administration of the Federal Agency for Fishery); V.G. Samarsky, G.S. Rudakova, M.Yu. Kruchinin (“Sakhalinrybvod”); G.N. Kulinsky (Southern Kuril Control Monitoring Station of Sakhalinrybvod); L.K. Fedorova (“Gidrostroi”); D.V. Avdeev, H.Yu. Kim (Sakhalin Branch of the Russian Federal Research Institute of Fisheries and Oceanography); A.I. Nikiforov (Moscow State Institute of International Relations), and many other of our friends and colleagues for their assistance in collection and analysis of the biological material.

Funding

This work was performed as part of the state assignment topic 0112-2019-0002 (subtopic “Ecological and Genetic Structure of the Species”). The work was supported by the Russian Science Foundation, grant no.19-16-00101.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Vavilov Institute of General Genetics, Russian Academy of Science, Moscow, Russia

    L. A. Zhivotovsky, G. A. Rubtsova, M. V. Shitova & K. I. Afanasiev

  2. Russian Federal Research Institute of Fisheries and Oceanography, (VNIRO), Moscow, Russia

    L. A. Zhivotovsky, B. P. Smirnov, T. G. Tochilina & K. I. Afanasiev

  3. Sakhalin Research Institute of Fisheries and Oceanography (SakhNIRO), Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk, Russia

    A. M. Kaev

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  1. L. A. Zhivotovsky
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  2. G. A. Rubtsova
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  3. A. M. Kaev
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  4. M. V. Shitova
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  5. B. P. Smirnov
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  6. T. G. Tochilina
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  7. K. I. Afanasiev
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Correspondence to L. A. Zhivotovsky.

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Translated by A. Lisenkova

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Zhivotovsky, L.A., Rubtsova, G.A., Kaev, A.M. et al. Ecological, Geographic, and Genetic Differentiation and Management Units of Chum Salmon Oncorhynchus keta of the Southern Kuril Islands. J. Ichthyol. 62, 466–475 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1134/S0032945222030183

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