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Phylogenetic Relationships and Taxonomy of the Carp Fish of Genus Hemiculter (Cyprinidae, Xenocypridinae): Species of the Group H. leucisculus

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Abstract

The three differentiated phylogenetic lineages of sharpbelly from the group Hemiculter leucisculus s.l. corresponding to clades A, B, C sensu Chen et al. (2017) have been confirmed by the analysis of phylogenetic relationships based on the variability of the cytochrome b gene. The lineage corresponding to clade C unites individuals distrubuted from the Amur River basin to the water bodies of southern Vietnam, including the type habitat of H. leucisculus s. str. Comparative morphological studies of voucher specimens and materials from the collection of the Zoological Museum of Moscow State University, accompanied by a review of the available literature data, allow to conclude that sharpbelly from the basin of the upper reaches of the Yangtze River, forming clade B, belongs to H. nigromarginis. This species differs from H. leucisculus by the greater number of gill rakers, 25–28 versus 13–20. The phylogenetic lineage combining specimens from the Pearl River basin and clade A is considered a new species, which is described in the present study. It is similar to the allopatric H. leucisculus by many morphological characteristics, but differs by shorter pectoral fins, displaced base of the pelvic fins towards caudal fin, a short flesh slip at the pectoral fin base, and a longer second unbranched ray of the dorsal fin. Considering the phylogenetic relationships of species of the genus Hemiculter and species of closely related genera of the subfamily Xenocypridinae, we encourage providing morphological descriptions of voucher specimens in the publications of molecular genetic analysis of fish groups, where the problems in identifying taxa are stated, thus confirming the correctness of their identification.

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Notes

  1. Coordinates have been converted in this work.

  2. Indices in % SL are calculated in this work according to the original description.

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ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

Authors express sincere gratitude to Nguyễn Văn Trong (Research Insitute for Aquaculture no. 2, Ho Chi Minh City), who kindly provided a copy of the sharpbelly species description from the monograph on carp fishes of Vietnam (Hảo, Vân, 2001) with translation into English. The results on molecular phylogeny were obtained using the equipment of Shared Resource Center “Far Eastern Computing Resource” IACP FEB RAS (https://cc.dvo.ru). The authors are deeply grateful to anonymous referees for the analysis of the work and useful comments.

Funding

Taxonomic studies of fish were carried out by E.D. Vasil’eva within the framework of the State Project of ZMMU no. 121032300105-0.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Zoological Museum, Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia

    E. D. Vasil’eva

  2. Severtsov Institute for Ecology and Evolution, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia

    V. P. Vasil’ev

  3. Federal Scientific Center of the East Asia Terrestrial Biodiversity, Far Eastern Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok, Russia

    G. A. Nemkova & S. V. Shedko

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  1. E. D. Vasil’eva
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Vasil’eva, E.D., Vasil’ev, V.P., Nemkova, G.A. et al. Phylogenetic Relationships and Taxonomy of the Carp Fish of Genus Hemiculter (Cyprinidae, Xenocypridinae): Species of the Group H. leucisculus. J. Ichthyol. 62, 1–15 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1134/S0032945222010131

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