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Early Ontogenetic Features in the White Charr Salvelinus malma Complex (Salmonidae) from Lake Kronotskoe, Eastern Kamchatka

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Abstract

The growth, the sequence of formation, and the features of the transitive states of skeletal elements (cranial bones and serial structures, such as teeth, gill rakers, fin rays and pterygiophores, vertebral bodies, predorsalia, and scales) have been studied in prelarvae, larvae, and fingerlings of the lacusrtrine-riverine morphs of the white charr Salvelinus malma complex from Lake Kronotskoe, Eastern Kamchatka, reared in a laboratory at a constant temperature and collected in the Uzon River, at a spawning ground and downstream. A comparative analysis of osteogenesis features in white charr and the original morph, the Northern Dolly Varden Salvelinus malma malma, has been carried out. A high variability in the rate of growth and development of white charr is noted. A delay in calcification of skeleton in prelarvae and a late onset of scale formation (at the end of the second and the beginning of the third year of life) and first annulus in otoliths (by the third year of life) have been revealed. The results indicate the high specialization of early ontogenesis in white charr, a fish endemic to Lake Kronotskoe.

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Notes

  1. Alizarin stains salts of inorganic calcium (Lillie, 1969), which enters the bone tissue as it develops. This process is clearly observable when teeth are initiated: alizarin stains the functionally important tip of a newly formed tooth, but it does not stain the site of attachment of the tooth to the bone plate.

  2. For 8 months of on-growing, the larvae of northern Dolly Varden reached FL 34.5–44.0 mm, while the yearling larvae from the Bezymyanny and Mysmont tributaries (Utkholok River, northwestern Kamchatka) grew, respectively, to 38–49 and 36–43 mm in June of the following year (Pichugin, 2015).

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ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

We are grateful to T.I. Shpilenok and D.M. Panicheva for the invaluable technical support in organizing the works in the territory of the Kronotsky Reserve, to our volunteers A.Yu. Serov, A.V. Ivanov, and I.V. Sharikov, and also to L.A. Anisimova and E.V. Yesin (Russian Research Institute of Fisheries and Oceanography (VNIRO)), who assisted in catching the spawners, transporting, and carrying out the initial stages of incubation of white charr eggs, and to S.S. Alekseev (Koltzov Institute of Developmental Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences) for discussing the manuscript.

The work was supported in part by the Russian Foundation for Basic Research, project no. 16−04−01687.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Moscow State University, 119991, Moscow, Russia

    M. Yu. Pichugin

  2. Kronotsky State Nature Biosphere Reserve, 684000, Yelizovo, Russia

    G. N. Markevich

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  1. M. Yu. Pichugin
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  2. G. N. Markevich
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Correspondence to M. Yu. Pichugin.

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Translated by E. Shvetsov

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Pichugin, M.Y., Markevich, G.N. Early Ontogenetic Features in the White Charr Salvelinus malma Complex (Salmonidae) from Lake Kronotskoe, Eastern Kamchatka. J. Ichthyol. 58, 722–731 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1134/S003294521805017X

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