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Distribution, Composition and Relationships of Phylogenetic Groups of Arctic Charr Salvelinus alpinus (L.) (Salmoniformes, Salmonidae) in the European part of Russia and in Siberia as Revealed by the Analysis of Nucleotide Sequences of Mitochondrial DNA

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Abstract

In order to extend the geography of genetic studies at the broad circumpolar range of Arctic charr we analyzed sequence variation of mtDNA control region (537–547 b.p.) in 25 populations of the European part of Russia and Siberia. In most of them, haplotypes of the Atlantic or of the Siberia phylogenetic groups were found. The results of phylogenetic analysis indicate low segregation between these groups, for that reason they are considered as two subgroups of a single Eurasian group; the composition and ranges of these subgroups are specified. Charr with haplotypes of the Atlantic subgroup were found in Karelia, at Kola Peninsula, Polar Urals, Novaya Zemlya archipelago, Taimyr; charr with haplotypes of the Atlantic subgroup, in Transbaikalia, in mountainous upper reaches of the Yana and the Indigirka basins and in the lower reaches of the Anabar. Both subgroups reveal weak geographical structuring at large geographic scale. Besides, in the lower Anabar basin Arctic charr bearing a haplotype of the Bering group, which introgressed in their genome from the northern form of Dolly Varden were recorded. Our results evidence a wide-scale post-Pleistocene dispersal of the anadromous form of the Atlantic subgroup charr throughout the Atlantic and Arctic Oceans drainage basins; common origin and close phylogenetic relationships of Arctic charr of the Siberian subgroup from different regions of Siberia and their possible migrations between these regions during the Pleistocene glacial maxima. They also confirm the participation of charr from Beringia in the colonization of Siberian Arctic coasts and indicate that they dispersed further to the west than previously known.

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ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

The authors thank V.S. Borkicheva (Northern department of Polar Institute of Fisheries and Oceanography), S.A. Ganusevich (Wild Animal Rescue Center), E.V. Esin (Russian Federal Research Institute of Fisheries and Oceanography), G.N. Markevich (Kronotsky Nature Biosphere Preserve), A.A. Makhrov (Institute of Ecology and Evolution, Russian Academy of Sciences (IEE RAS)), E.A. Salmenkova (Institute of General Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences (IGG RAS)), T.P. Sipko (Institute of Ecology and Evolution, Russian Academy of Sciences) for sharing charr tissue samples, R,S. Andreev, A.N. Maveev, V.P. Samusenok, A.L Yur’ev, I.I. Yur’ev, (Irkutsk State University), D.V. Schepotkin, F.N. Shkil’, (Institute of Developmental Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences (IDB RAS)) for field assistance. The study was funded by Russian Foundation for Basic Research (project no. 18-04-00092), by the Presidium of the Russian Academy of Sciences, program no. 41 “Biodiveristy of natural systems and biological resources of Russia” (Government basic research programs, no. 0112-2018-0025, 0108-2018-00015) and conducted under Government basic research programs of IGG RAS, no. 0112-2016-0002 (NVG), IDB RAS, no. 0108-2018-0007 and IEE RAS, no. 0109-2018-0076 (SSA).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Vavilov Institute of General Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991, Moscow, Russia

    N. V. Gordeeva

  2. Koltzov Institute of Developmental Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991, Moscow, Russia

    S. S. Alekseyev

  3. Yakut Department of Federal State Unitary Enterprise “Gosrybcentr”, 677000, Yakutsk, Russia

    A. F. Kirillov

  4. Faculty of Biology and Soil Biology, Irkutsk State University, 664011, Irkutsk, Russia

    A. I. Vokin & I. V. Samusenok

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  1. N. V. Gordeeva
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  2. S. S. Alekseyev
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  3. A. F. Kirillov
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  4. A. I. Vokin
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  5. I. V. Samusenok
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Correspondence to N. V. Gordeeva.

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Gordeeva, N.V., Alekseyev, S.S., Kirillov, A.F. et al. Distribution, Composition and Relationships of Phylogenetic Groups of Arctic Charr Salvelinus alpinus (L.) (Salmoniformes, Salmonidae) in the European part of Russia and in Siberia as Revealed by the Analysis of Nucleotide Sequences of Mitochondrial DNA. J. Ichthyol. 58, 808–818 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1134/S0032945218050089

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