Abstract
Residential form of white-spotted char Salvelinus leucomaenis appears in volcanic stream characterized by stable water and temperature regime. The maximal body length of fish is 285 mm and body mass is 245 g; the oldest specimen is 7 years old. The somatic growth does not relax, and the annual growth rate is 30–40 mm. The maturation begins at the age of 4 years after the fish reaches 175 mm length and 60 g in weight. The spawning takes place in autumn. Sex dimorphism and nuptial coloration are not observed, and the “spotted” coloration remains through the year. Vomer is toothless, or only one tooth is presented (in 15% of sampled specimens). Sagittal otoliths are characterized by deformation granular texture of ventral area, the layering is broken. The food spectra of a mature specimen comprises gammarids, large-size larvae, and imagoes of amphibiotic insects during the summer period.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Atlas presnovodnykh ryb Rossii (Atlas of Freshwater Fishes of Russia) Reshetnikov, Yu.S., Ed., Moscow: Nauka, 2003, vol. 1, 379 p.
Behnke, R.J., 1984, Organizing the Diversity of the Arctic Char Complex, in Proc. International Symposium on Biology of Arctic Char, Winnipeg: Manitoba Univ. Press, pp. 3–21.
Chereshnev, I.A., Volobuev, V.V., Shestakov, A.V., and Frolov, S.V., Lososevidnye ryby Severo-Vostoka Rossii (Salmon Fishes of the Northeastern Russia), Vladivostok: Dal’nauka, 2002, 496 p.
Gritsenko, O.F., Prokhodnye ryby ostrova Sakhalin (sistematika, ekologiya, promysel) (Migratory Fishes of the Sakhalin Island (Taxonomy, Ecology and Fishing)), Moscow: VNIRO, 2002, 247 p.
Gudkov, P.K., The Data on Biology of Japanese Char Salvelinus leucomaenis out of the Sea of Okhotsk Basin, Vopr. Ikhtiol., 1991, vol. 31, no. 64, pp. 898–909.
Ivankov, V.N. and Bronevskii, A.M., Neoteny of Japanese Char Salvelinus leucomaenis (Pallas), Gidrobiol. Zhurn., 1975, vol. 11, no. 6, pp. 90–91.
Kawanabe, H., The Japanese Chars and Masu Salmon Problems: A Review, Physiol. Ecol. Jpn. Spec., 1989, vol. 1, pp. 13–24.
Konovalov, S.M., Differentsiatsiya lokal’nykh stad nerki Oncorhynchus nerka (Walbaum) (Differentiation of Local Herds of Red Salmon Oncorhynchus nerka), Leningrad: Nauka, 1971, 229 p.
Murza, I.G. and Khristoforov, O.L., Opredelenie stepeni zrelosti gonad i prognozirovanie vozrasta dostizheniya polovoi zrelosti u atlanticheskogo lososya i kumzhi. Metodicheskie ukazaniya (Determination of Mature Degree of Gonads and Forecasting of Reproductive Age in Atlantic Salmon and Salmon Char, Methodological Recommendations), Leningrad: GosNIORKh, 1991, 102 p.
Nagasawa, K., Color Variation of Spots in Salvelinus leucomaenis in Northern Honsho Japan, Physiol. Ecol. Jpn. Spec., 1989, vol. 1, pp. 69–76.
Perechen’ rybokhozyaistvennykh normativov: predel’no dopustimykh kontsentratsii (PDK) i orientirovochno bezopasnykh urovnei vozdeistviya (OBUV) vrednykh veshchestv dlya vodnykh ob”ektov, imeyushchikh rybokhozyaistvennoe znachenie (The List of Fishing Standards: Maximal Permissible Concentrations (MPC) of Approximately Safe Rates of Influence (ASRI) of Hazardous Substances for Aquatic Objects Possessing the Fishing Value), Moscow: VNIRO, 1999, p. 303.
Pichugin, M.Yu., Sidorov, L.K., and Gritsenko, O.F., New Data on Char Salvelinus leucomaenis and Interrelations of Loach Salvelinus in Fresh Waters of the South Kurile Islands, Vopr. Ikhtiol., 2006, vol. 46, no. 3, pp. 356–369.
Pravdin, I.F., Rukovodstvo po izucheniyu ryb (Manual for Fish Studies), Moscow: Pishchepromizdat, 1966, 270 p.
Rukovodstvo po izucheniyu pitaniya ryb. (Manual on Study of Fish Nutrition), Vladivostok: TINRO, 1986, p. 31.
Savvaitova, K.A., Kuzishchin, K.V., Pichugin, M.Yu., et al., Taxonomy and Biology of Char Salvelinus leucomaenis, Vopr. Ikhtiol., 2007, vol. 47, no. 1, pp. 58–71.
Stevenson, D.K. and Campana, S.E., Otolith Microstructure Examination and Analysis, Can. Spec. Publ. Fish. Aquat. Sci., 1992, p. 126.
Vasil’eva, E.D., Morphology of Skull of Char Salvelinus leucomaenis (Salmoniformes, Salmonidae) out of the Kamchatka River Basin, Zool. Zhurn., 1978, vol. 57, no. 6, pp. 877–878.
Volobuev, V.V., Maksimov, V.A., and Rogatnykh, A.Yu., Japanese Char Salvelinus leucomaenis (Pallas) (Salmonidae) out of the Chukcha Lake-River System (Continental Coast of the Sea of Okhotsk), Vopr. Ikhtiol., 1985, vol. 25, no. 4, pp. 546–552.
Zippin, C., An Evaluation of the Removal Method of Estimating Animal Populations, Biometrics, 1956, vol. 12, no. 2, pp. 163–189.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
Original Russian Text © E.V. Esin, Yu.V. Sorokin, 2012, published in Voprosy Ikhtiologii, 2012, Vol. 52, No. 2, pp. 207–214.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Esin, E.V., Sorokin, Y.V. Residential form of white-spotted char Salvelinus leucomaenis inhabiting the warm stream discharging into Semlyachikskii Firth (Kronotskii natural reserve, Kamchatka). J. Ichthyol. 52, 172–179 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1134/S003294521202004X
Received:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1134/S003294521202004X