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Systematics and distribution of black swallowers of the genus Chiasmodon (Perciformes: Chiasmodontidae)

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Abstract

Black swallowers are revised (the genus Chiasmodon Johns.), and two species (C. niger Johns. and C. lavenbergi Prok.) are recognized as valid in this genus. The nominal taxa Ponerodon vastator Alcock, C. subniger Garman, C. braueri Weber, C. bolangeri Osório, C. microcephalus Norman, and C. n. pluriradiatus Parr are reduced to synonyms of C. niger. Individual, ontogenetic, and geographic variation of C. niger is studied. From the latter, the morphotype is separated and characterized by comparatively more developed dentition of gill arches, which is designated as C. cf. niger. Its relationships with the nominal taxa described earlier are not quite clear. It is known from few specimens from localities remote from each other with the area of C. niger. Taking into consideration the absence of transitional forms, the differences of armament of gill arches may have taxonomic significance. However, it cannot be excluded that C. cf. niger may be an extreme variant of variation of this species by the aforementioned character. C. lavenbergi differs from C. niger in the retention of dermal spinules in adults and in fixed marginal teeth in jaws. Detailed morphological descriptions of aforementioned species and forms are presented, as well as the key and information on their distribution and the map of areas. Morphological and ecological characteristics of black swallowers of the genus Chiasmodon are compared with those in other genera of this family.

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  1. Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninskii prospekt 33, Moscow, 119071, Russia

    A. M. Prokofiev

  2. Atlantic Research Institute of Fisheries and Oceanography, ul. Dmitriya Donskogo 5, Kaliningrad, 236000, Russia

    E. I. Kukuev

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Prokofiev, A.M., Kukuev, E.I. Systematics and distribution of black swallowers of the genus Chiasmodon (Perciformes: Chiasmodontidae). J. Ichthyol. 49, 899–939 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1134/S0032945209100063

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