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Investigation of the Effects of Sandblasting, Acid Etching, and Anodizing Parameters in the SLA + Anodizing on the Surface Treatment of Titanium Dental Implant Fixtures

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Abstract

This study investigated the various parameters of the sandblasting, acid-etching, and anodizing processes for 68 different states of surface treatment of dental implant fixtures using the SLA + anodizing procedure. To examine each of the fixture surfaces, 9 different tests were performed, including AFM, FESEM, EDAX, CHNO, XRD, EDAX-Map, MTT, Surface energy, and bone formation tests, to thoroughly examine the surfaces from different aspects. 450 dental implant fixture samples were used due to the high number of types of tests, variables, and specific conditions of each experiment. To validate the results, the tests were compared with SLA methos as a common method for dental implant treatment. The final results indicate the superiority of the process numbered 35 (sandblast particle size 75 μm; spraying pressure of sandblast particles 4 bar; sandblast particle spraying angle 30 deg; temperature of acid etching 75°C; time of acid etching 6 min, anodizing voltage 100 V; duration of anodizing 5 min), with the SLA + anodizing method. State number 35 had a surface roughness of 2.018 μm 97% cellular viability; 56.2 millinewton per meter surface energy, and standard chemical composition and mineralization after treatment. Within a period of 6 days, it completely outperformed all other states.

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ACKNOWKEDGMENTS

The authors thank Dorin Kasht Mana Company, the largest manufacturer of dental implant systems in Iran, and especially Dr. Ali Asgar Malek Altojjari, the founder of the company, for providing the information of the brand 3A.

Funding

This work was supported by ongoing institutional funding. No additional grants to carry out or direct this particular research were obtained.

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  1. School of Mechanical Engineering, Iran University of Science and Technology, 13114-16846, Tehran, Iran

    Ehsan Anbarzadeh &  Bijan Mohammadi

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  1. Ehsan Anbarzadeh
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Correspondence to Bijan Mohammadi.

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Ehsan Anbarzadeh, Bijan Mohammadi Investigation of the Effects of Sandblasting, Acid Etching, and Anodizing Parameters in the SLA + Anodizing on the Surface Treatment of Titanium Dental Implant Fixtures. Phys. Metals Metallogr. 124, 1606–1619 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1134/S0031918X23600793

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