Abstract
Thermo-Calc calculations and experimental methods (optical and electron scanning microscopy, and electron microprobe analysis) were used to study the phase composition of alloys of the Al–Ca–Si–Sc–Zr system with the same scandium and zirconium contents (0.1 and 0.25 wt %, respectively) and the same total silicon and calcium content (6 wt %). It was shown that the hardening due to the precipitation of nanoparticles of the phase Al3(Zr, Sc)–L12 reaches a maximum after annealing at 300–450°C in alloys within the phase region (Al) + Al4Ca + Al2Si2Ca, where (Al) stands for a solid solution based on aluminum. In alloys within this region, almost all of the zirconium and scandium are contained in (Al), and the silicon content of the alloys is minimum. However, Zr and Sc additions have almost no effect on hardening in alloys within the (Al) + (Si) + Al2Si2Ca phase region. The aluminum–calcium eutectic has an essentially finer structure than that of aluminum–silicon.
Similar content being viewed by others
REFERENCES
J. G. Kaufman and E. L. Rooy, Aluminum Alloy Castings: Properties, Processes, and Applications (ASM International, Ohio, 2004).
V. S. Zolotorevskiy, N. A. Belov, and M. V. Glazoff, Casting Aluminum Alloys (Elsevier, Amsderdam, 2007).
N. A. Belov, S. V. Savchenko, and A. V. Khvan, Phase Composition and Structure of Silumines (MISIS, Moscow, 2008).
L. S. Toropova, D. G. Eskin, M. L. Kharakterova, and T. V. Dobatkina, Advanced Aluminum Alloys Containing Scandium: Structure and Properties (Gordon and Breach, Amsterdam, 1998).
J. Røyset and N. Ryum, “Scandium in aluminum alloys,” Int. Mater. Rev. 50, 19–44 (2005).
Yu. A. Filatov, “Deformable Al–Mg–Sc alloys and possible regions of their application,” J. Adv. Mater. 5, 386–390 (1995).
Yu. A. Filatov, V. I. Yelagin, and V. V. Zakharov, “New Al–Mg–Sc alloys. II,” Mater. Sci. Eng., A 280, 97–101 (2000).
E. A. Marquis and D. N. Seidman, “Nanoscale structural evolution of Al3Sc precipitates in Al(Sc) alloys,” Acta Mater., 49, 1909–1919 (2001).
S. Costa, H. Puga, J. Barbosa, and A. M. P. Pinto, “The effect of Sc additions on the microstructure and age hardening behavior of as cast Al–Sc alloys,” Mater. Des., 42, 347–352 (2012).
K. E. Knipling, R. A. Karnesky, C. P. Lee, D. C. Dunand, and D. N. Seidman, “Precipitation evolution in Al–0.1Sc, Al–0.1Zr and Al–0.1Sc–0.1Zr (at %) alloys during isochronal ageing,” Acta Mater. 58, 5184–5195 (2010).
C. B. Fuller and D. N. Seidman, “Temporal evolution of the nanostructure of Al(Sc, Zr) alloys: Part II—Coarsening of Al3(Sc1 − xZrx) precipitates,” Acta Mater. 53, 5415–5428 (2005).
E. Clouet, A. Barbu, L. Lae, and G. Martin, “Precipitation kinetics of Al3Zr and Al3Sc in aluminum alloys modeled with cluster dynamics,” Acta Mater. 53, 2313–2325 (2005).
A. Deschamp and P. Guyo, “In situ small-angle scattering study of the precipitation kinetics in an Al–Zr–Sc alloy,” Acta Mater. 55, 2775–2783 (2007).
W. Lefebvre, F. Danoix, H. Hallem, B. Forbord, A. Bostel, and K. Marthinsen, “Precipitation kinetic of Al3(Sc, Zr) dispersoids in aluminium,” J. Alloys Compd. 470, 107–110 (2009).
B. Forbord, W. Lefebvre, F. Danoix, H. Hallem, and K. Marthinsen, “Three dimensional atom probe investigation on the formation of Al3(Sc, Zr)-dispersoids in aluminium alloys,” Scr. Mater. 51, 333–337 (2004).
W. W. Zhou, B. Cai, W. J. Li, Z. X. Liu, and S. Yang, “Heat-resistant Al–0.2Sc–0.04Zr electrical conductor,” Mater. Sci. Eng., A 552, 353–358 (2012).
C. Booth-Morrison, Z. Mao, M. Diaz, C. Dunand, D. C. Wolverton, and D. N. Seidman, “Role of silicon in accelerating the nucleation of Al3(Sc, Zr) precipitates in dilute Al–Sc–Zr alloys,” Acta Mater. 60, 4740–4752 (2012).
N. A. Belov, A. N. Alabin, D. G. Eskin, and V. V. Istomin-Kastrovskiy, “Optimization of hardening of Al–Zr–Sc casting alloys,” J. Mater. Sci. 41, 5890–5899 (2006).
N. A. Belov, E. A. Naumova, A. N. Alabin, and I. A. Matveeva, “Effect of scandium on structure and hardening of Al–Ca eutectic alloys,” J. Alloys Compd. 646, 741–747 (2015).
N. A. Belov, E. A. Naumova, T. A. Bazlova, and E. V. Alekseeva, “Structure, phase composition, and strengthening of cast Al–Ca–Mg–Sc alloys,” Phys. Met. Metallogr. 117, 188–194 (2016).
N. A. Belov, E. A. Naumova, and T. K. Akopyan, Eutectic Alloys Based on Aluminum: New Systems of Alloying (Ruda i Metally, Moscow, 2016) [in Russian].
L. F. Mondolfo, Aluminium Alloys: Structure and Properties (Butterworths, London, 1976).
N. A. Belov, E. A. Naumova, and T. K. Akopyan, “Effect of 0.3 wt% Sc on structure, phase composition and hardening of Al–Ca–Si eutectic alloys,” Trans. Nonferrous Met. Soc. China 4, 741–746 (2017).
Reference data for thermodynamic calculations. http://www.thermocalc.com. Cited September 20, 2017.
T. H. Ludwig, E. Dashlen, P. L. Schaffer, and L. Arnberg, “The effect of Ca and P interaction on the Al−Si eutectic in a hypoeutectic Al–Si alloy,” J. Alloys Compd. 586, 180–190 (2014).
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
This work was supported by the Russian Science Foundation (project no. 14-19-00632P).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
Translated by V. Glyanchenko
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Belov, N.A., Naumova, E.A., Doroshenko, V.V. et al. Phase Composition, Structure, and Hardening of Alloys Containing 6% (Ca + Si) in the System Al–Ca–Si–Zr–Sc. Phys. Metals Metallogr. 119, 1184–1190 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1134/S0031918X18120037
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1134/S0031918X18120037