Abstract
The effect of severe plastic deformation under dry sliding friction on the structure, microhardness, and wear rate of the VT1-0 titanium subjected to gas nitriding has been studied. It has been shown that this deformation leads to the formation of a nanocrystalline structure with an α-crystal size of 10–100 nm and a microhardness of ∼3.1 GPa in a surface layer up to 10 μm thick. The presence of this structure intensifies the saturation of the surface of the titanium with nitrogen in the course of subsequent gas nitriding at temperatures of 650–750°C. The formation of the nitride nanocrystalline TiN phase in the deformed titanium occurs at a relatively low nitriding temperature (700°C) and a short-term holding (2 h). The volume fraction of the nitride phase, which is formed in the layer up to 10 μm thick, reaches a few tens of percent, which leads to an increase in the microhardness of the nitrided surface of the titanium deformed by friction. Preliminary severe plastic deformation has a negative effect on the fatigue wear resistance of the nitrided titanium due to an increased brittleness of the deformed and subsequently nitrided surface layer of this material.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
B. B. Chechulin, S. S. Ushkov, I. N. Razuvaeva, and V. N. Gol’dfain, Titanium Alloys in Engineering Industry (Mashinostroenie, Leningrad, 1977) [in Russian].
B. D. Voronkov, Yu. M. Vinogradov, G. E. Lazarev, B. I. Lebedev, V. M. Mikhalin, and E. Ya. Teplitskii, Wear-Resistant Materials in Chemical Engineering Industry. A Handbook (Mashinostroenie, Leningrad, 1977) [in Russian].
Kiparisov, S.S. and Levinskii, Yu.V., Nitriding of Refractory Metals (Metallurgiya, Moscow, 1972).
J. Sun, W. P. Tong, L. Zuo, and Z. B. Wang, “Low-temperature plasma nitriding of titanium layer on Ti/Al clad sheet,” Mater. Design 47, 408–415 (2013).
N. R. Tao, M. L. Sui, J. Lu, and K. Lu, “Surface nanocrystallization of iron induced by ultrasonic shot peening,” Nanostruct. Mater. 11, 433–440 (1999).
K. Y. Zhu, A. Vassel, F. Brisset, K. Lu, and J. Lu, “Nanostructure formation mechanism of α-titanium using SMAT,” Acta Mater. 52, 4101–4110 (2004).
L. G. Korshunov, A. V. Makarov, and N. L. Chernenko, “Nanocrystallic Friction Structures in Steels and Alloys, Their Strength and Tribological Properties,” in a Collection of Works The Development of Ideas of Acad. V.D. Sadovskii (Ekaterinburg, 2008), pp. 218–241 [in Russian].
L. G. Korshunov, V. A. Shabashov, N. L. Chernenko, and V. P. Pilyugin, “Effect of contact stresses on the phase composition, strength, and tribological properties of nanocrystalline structures formed in steels and alloys under sliding friction,” Metal Sci. Heat Treat. 50, 583–592 (2008).
E. Metin and O. T. Inal, “Kinetics of layer growth and multiphase diffusion in ion nitrided titanium,” Metal. Mater. Trans. A 20, 1819–1832 (1989).
L. G. Korshunov, V. G. Pushin, and N. L. Chernenko, “Effect of frictional heating on the surface-layer structure and tribological properties of titanium nickelide”, Phys. Met. Metallogr. 112, 290–300 (2011).
L. G. Korshunov, V. G. Pushin, and N. L. Chernenko, “Modification of the titanium nickelide surface using frictional treatment and subsequent heating in air”, Phys. Met. Metallogr. 113, 629–636 (2012).
L. G. Korshunov and N. L. Chernenko, “Formation of a wear-resistant nanocrystalline layer strengthened by TiO2 (rutile) particles on the surface of titanium”, Phys. Met. Metallogr. 114, 789–797 (2013).
Yu. M. Lakhtin, Ya. D. Kogan, G. I. Shpis, and Z. Bemer, Theory and Technology of Nitriding (Metallurgiya, Moscow, 1991), [in Russian].
H. Goldschmidt, Interstitial Alloys (Butterworths, London, 1967; Mir, Moscow, 1971).
L. G. Kharitonov, Determination of Microhardness (Metallurgiya, Moscow, 1967) [in Russian].
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
Original Russian Text © L.G. Korshunov, N.L. Chernenko, 2014, published in Fizika Metallov i Metallovedenie, 2014, Vol. 115, No. 10, pp. 1090–1099.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Korshunov, L.G., Chernenko, N.L. Effect of severe plastic deformation on the structure, microhardness, and wear resistance of the surface layer of titanium subjected to gas nitriding. Phys. Metals Metallogr. 115, 1027–1036 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1134/S0031918X14100093
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1134/S0031918X14100093