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Sarmatian Gastropods of the Belaya River Basin (Western Ciscaucasia)

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Abstract

The history of the study of the Sarmatian sections in the basin of the Belaya River is discussed and their lithology is described. The gastropods from beds with Cryptomactra pesanseris, except for their lowest part, are described. A description of some species from the Lower Sarmatian rocks embedded in the Middle Sarmatian olistostromes has also been added. As a result, 30 gastropod species from the families Lottiidae, Trochidae, Hydrobiidae, Nassariidae, Pyramidellidae, Cornirostridae, Acteocinidae, and Retusidae were identified. The new genera Edozeba and Pomatiasia (Hydrobiidae), new species Edrozeba angulata, E. caeca, E. minuta, E. striata, Hydrobia neofrauenfeldi, Akburunella laminaris, A. sinuosa, A. spinosa, Odostomia caucasica, and Brahystomia succineiformis; new subspecies Akburunella nefanda archaica and Cornirostra anistratenkorum umbilicaris have been identified. The Middle Sarmatian pyramidellids are reviewed and redescribed. The taxonomy and composition of the genera Kolesnikoviella (Trochidae) and Akburunella (Nassariidae), origin, morphogenesis, and composition of other described gastropod taxa are discussed. Statistical data on gastropod communities from the lower part of the beds with C. pesanseris are presented.

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Notes

  1. Shells of the Upper Sarmatian Mactra found in the Gaverdovskaya Formation are redeposited according to S.V. Popov. Thus, the marine genesis and the Sarmatian age of the enclosing deposits are called into question.

  2. Dating of the material is according to data from V.D. Laskarev (1914, pp. 398, 468).

  3. Papp erroneously indicated Basterot as the author. At present, the name Turbo stagnalis Basterot, 1765 is considered unavailable, and the form described under it is synonymized with Helix stagnorum Gmelin, 1791, which has recently been usually included in the genus Heleobia Stimpson, 1865 (Hydrobiidae) (Holthuis, 1945; Bank et al., 1979; Giusti and Pezzoli, 1984). The forms described under this name by Papp and Švagrovský readily differ from H. stagnorum in the shell shape and cannot be considered conspecific even by conchological criteria. It seems more reasonable to use the specific name Hydrobia andrussowi Hilber, 1897.

  4. It is noteworthy that Papp gives drawings of these hydrobiids on the same scale. The drawings contradict his measurements of the height of the shells in the text, according to which the height, on the contrary, did not change. These measurements are given below in the text.

  5. I consider H. elongata as a junior synonym of H. frauenfeldi. The priority of H. frauenfeldi is due to the fact that Rissoa elongata Eichwald, 1830 is a junior homonym of R. elongata Defrance, 1827.

  6. Dating is given according to V.D. Laskarev (1914, pp. 210–211), who described only the Lower Sarmatian outcrops in the vicinity of the village of Kuncha.

  7. This material is not considered in the article. Firstly, it cannot be attributed to the Cryptomactra fauna, and secondly, the shells can be studied only in sections due to their fragility.

  8. An unpublished detailed description of the section in the quarry was found in Paramonova’s manuscripts, in which the lower part of the exposed rocks was attributed to the Konkian, and the upper part was assigned to to the Lower Sarmatian Kuzhora and Zbruch Beds. Our material comes from a part assigned to the Kuzhora Beds, judging by the description of the section. Noteworthy, there is still no detailed bed-by-bed faunal characterization of the section due to lithological uniformity (sandy series with interbeds and lenses of coquina, lenses and concretions of sandstone), rapid change in bedding along strike, and usually poor exposure. Exact matching of independent descriptions is also excluded.

  9. Kudryavtsev designated the holotype in the inventory of the collection.

  10.  Specimen no. 11/5248 was marked in the inventory of the Kudriavtzev’s collection as holotype, although his paper no has designation of the types. The type, figured in his Pl. 2, fig. 24, was not deposited originally by N.A. Kudriavtzev in the collection.

  11.  The type material of D. verneuili is available in site https://science.mnhn.fr (specimen MNHN.F.R54691).

  12.  In 2018, very similar shells were found in the middle part of Member 7, which is of Lower Sarmatian age.

  13.  Kudryavtsev designated the holotype in the inventory of the collection.

  14. Terminology after Schröder (1995).

  15.  This refers to the shell height and diameter ratio.

  16.  The type material of the species was lost.

  17. Cossmann (1895, p. 100) used Alicula Eichwald, 1830 with the type species Bulla cylindrica Helbling, 1779 (non Gmelin), thereby synonymizing it with Alicula Ehrenberg, 1831. This interpretation of Alicula Eichwald, 1830 is incorrect and cannot be used.

  18.  Two places are indicated on the label to the original: Chișinău (Moldova) and Kuncha (Ukraine, Khmelnitskyi Region, Teofipol’ District). The middle Sarmatian is distributed in Chișinău, while Laskarev (1914, p. 210) indicated the Lower Sarmatian for the village of Kuncha.

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    A. V. Guzhov

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Guzhov, A.V. Sarmatian Gastropods of the Belaya River Basin (Western Ciscaucasia). Paleontol. J. 56, 1142–1253 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1134/S0031030122100045

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